Lecture 2 - Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name used for peeing

A

Micturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the urinary tract consist of

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How big are the kidneys

A

4-5” long
2-3” wide
1” thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What protects the kidneys

A

11-12th ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do the blood vessels and the ureter enter

A

The hilus of the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the renal capsule do

A

Maintains the kidneys shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the adipose capsule do

A

Protects the kidney from any trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the renal fascia do

A

Holds the kidneys against the back body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the kidneys consist of

A
Cortex
Medulla
Pyramids
Papillae
Columns
Calyces
Pelvises
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the kidneys functional unit

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many functional units does the kidney have

A

1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the glomerulus do

A

Filters the blood and stops protein and blood entering urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What part forms urine

A

Glomerular filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the tubule do

A

Re absorbs an secretes fluids and electrolytes to adjust urine composition and maintain body fluid homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does a nephron consist of

A

Corpuscle - fluid is filtered

and a

Tubule - where filtered fluid passes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nephron

A

Glomerular filtration

Re absorption

Tubular secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does a tubule consist of

A

PCT

Loop of henle

DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Papillary ducts

DCT

Collecting duct

Put it in order In which they drain into

A

DCT drain into the collecting ducts.

Collecting ducts drain into papillary ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the loop of henle consist of

A

Descending limb
Think ascending limb
Thick ascending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many types of nephrons are there

A

2 types

Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the major difference in the cortical nephrons and the juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Cortical nephron has a short loop of henle and the juxtamedullary nephron has a long loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the bowmans capsule

A

Network of capillaries in the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What artery supplies the kidney

A

Renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much does the artery divide into for each kidney

A

5 segments

25
Q

The neurological supply to the kidneys is involved with what

A

Regulation of Vasomotor tone

26
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres originate

A

In the lower splanchnic nerves that travel through the lumbar ganglia to the kidney

27
Q

Where else are the sympathetic fibres said to originate from

A

Thoracic area travelling from the kidney via coeliac ganglion

28
Q

What does stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system do

A

Enhances sodium respiration

29
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibres arose

A

In 2nd and 4th sacral nerve roots

30
Q

S2 and S4 what is their function

A

Bladder emptying

Penile erection

31
Q

Sympathetic T11-L3 what is the function

A

Reduces bladder tone and inhibits parasympathetic system

32
Q

What fibres are linked to the base of the bladder and proximal urethra

A

Sympathetic fibres

33
Q

The sympathetic fibres in the bladder what do they do

A

Facilitate closure of the bladder neck and the urethral sphincter

34
Q

Where are glomerular capillaries formed between

A

Between the afferent and efferent arterioles

35
Q

Efferent arterioles give rise to

A

Peritubular capillaries

36
Q

What does the renal corpuscle do

A

It is the site of plasma filtration

37
Q

What is the renal corpuscle comprised of

A

Glomerulus

Bowmans capsule

38
Q

What 2 things are the kidney made up of

A

Corpuscle

Tubule

39
Q

The collecting ducts and papillary ducts drain urine where

A

To the renal pelvis and ureter

40
Q

What do the kidneys do

A

They function to regulate volume and chemical composition of body fluids

41
Q

How much of nephrons are cortical nephrons

A

80-85%

42
Q

Where are the renal corpuscles

A

Outer cortex an loops of henle

43
Q

How much nephrons are the juxtamedullary nephrons

A

15-20%

44
Q

What is the length and diameter of the ureter

A

10-12” long

1-10mm

45
Q

Where does the ureter extend to

A

From renal pelvis to bladder

46
Q

What is the position of the bladder

A

Pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis

47
Q

What is the smooth triangular area of the bladder called

A

Trigone

48
Q

Where does the ureter enter in the urinary bladder

A

Near two posterior points in the triangle

49
Q

Where does the ureter drain in the urinary bladder

A

From the anterior point of the triangle

50
Q

Location of the bladder in females

A

Anterior to vagina

Inferior to uterus

51
Q

Location of bladder in males

A

Anterior to rectum

52
Q

What is the bladders fluid capacity

A

700-800mL

53
Q

Name the 3 layers of the urinary bladder wall

A

Mucosa

Muscularis

Adventitia layer of loose connective tissue

54
Q

How does the body know we need to micturate

A

Due to stretch receptor signals that travel to the spinal cord and brain when volume exceeds 200-400ml

55
Q

Where are signals sent if we need a pee

A

Sent to micturition centre in sacral spinal cord S2 and S3

56
Q

What fibres cause the bladder to contract

A

Parasympathetic fibres

57
Q

What muscles cause the bladder to relax

A

External and internal sphincter

58
Q

What part of the brain can cause micturition or delay it

A

Cerebral cortex