Lecture 2: Skin and Temperature Regulation Flashcards

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1
Q

State the normal core body temperature

A

37 degrees +/- 0.5

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2
Q

State some factors which can vary the body temperature

A

External body temp
Activity
Circadian rhythm
Menstrual cycle

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3
Q

State the mechanisms that maintain the core temperature

A
  1. Radiation
  2. Evaporation (resp and sweating)
  3. Convection
  4. Conduction
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4
Q

How are temperature changes detected

A

Warm receptors

Cold receptors

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5
Q

Location of thermoreceptors

A

Peripheral thermoreceptors:
Skin, scrotum

Central thermoreceptors:
Spinal cord, abdominal organs, hypothalamus

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6
Q

Where is the thermoregulatory centre locatored

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Describe the physiological response to cold stress

A

Heat generation:

General metabolism

Voluntary muscular activity

Shivering thermogenesis

Nonshivering thermogenesis: brown adipose tissue in infants

Reducing heat loss:

Vasomotor response control- sympathetic arteriolar constriction

Behavioural responses- putting on warm clothes, moving to warmer environments

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8
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of frostbite

A

Vascular:

  • Reduced blood flow
  • Increased blood viscosity
  • Promotion of thrombosis

Cellular:

  • Ice crystals form in the extracellular space
  • Increases the extracellular osmolality
  • Causes movement of water from the intracellular space
  • Cell death
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9
Q

Describe the physiological response to heat stress

A
Decreased physical activity
Decreased food intake
Vasodilation
Sweating
Behavioural responses
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10
Q

Explain the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke

A

Heat exhaustion:
37.5-40 degrees
Increased vasodilation causes a drop in central blood volume
Disturbance in salt/fluid balance due to excessive sweating
Symptoms: weak pulse, hypotension, clammy nausea, headache, confusion, profuse sweating, fainting and collapse

Heat stroke:
Body temp raised above 40
Control mechanisms fail
Symptoms: dry hot & circulatory collapse

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11
Q

What is a fever

A

Part of bodies mechanism for fighting infection
Caused by endogenous pyrogens (IL-1, IL-6)
They change the set point in the hypothalamus via the production of prostaglandins by cyclo-oygenase

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