Lecture 2: Serology Flashcards
Judge serologic reactivity by a standard 0-4+ grading scheme:
A reaction with no agglutination. Cells appear to remove from cell button as a smoke or cloud.
0 (Negative)
Judge serologic reactivity by a standard 0-4+ grading scheme:
A reaction with solid agglutination. A cell button is shaken, all cells stick together in one solid chunk floating in a liquid background.
4+
Judge serologic reactivity by a standard 0-4+ grading scheme:
A reaction with very small agglutinates. A cell button is shaken, agglutinates appear to come off as cookie bites from the button.
1+
Judge serologic reactivity by a standard 0-4+ grading scheme:
A reaction with many small agglutinates in a clear background. As cell button is shaken, agglutinates appear to crumble off into solution.
2+
Judge serologic reactivity by a standard 0-4+ grading scheme:
A reaction with many large agglutinates in a clear background. As cell button is shaken, agglutinates remove easily in large chunks.
3+
Define Monoclonal
Antibody derived from a single ancestral antibody-producing parent cell
Antigen
A substance recognized by the body as being foreign, which can cause an immune response.
In blood banking, antigens are usually, but not exclusively, found on the red blood cell membrane.
Antibodies
A protein substance secreted by plasma cells that is developed in response to, and interacting specifically with, an antigen.
In blood banking, it is found in serum, from either a commercial manufacturer or a patient.
True or False: Using a population frequency chart, we can find the antigen listing. The % on the chart is the frequency of presence in the population called “incidence”
True
What is the purpose of Phenotype testing?
to identify unknown antigens on a red cell, use known anti-sera
True or False: A person makes an antibody for an antigen they do not have on their red cells.
True.
the antithetical antigen does not matter.
True or False: Compatible blood for an antibody is 100% population frequency of the antigen.
True.
You will phenotype donor blood for the antigen and loo for a negative reaction
What is antibody ID?
Known cells will be used to identify an unknown antibody
True or False: All test results need to be recorded at the end of the day.
False.
All test results need to be recorded as they are tested. There are strict guidelines for how long documents need to be kept. Consult your procedures before discard.
What is the number 1 cause of transfusion reaction ?
data entry error
True or False: All data entry needs to have a second tech review.
True.
If you are entering results from a worksheet into a computer, a second tech must check your work
True or False: All original documents need to be legible and permanent.
True.
It is forbidden to use white out, pencil, or scratching out, instead single line crosscut errors followed by date and initials.
True or False: Hemolysis can indicate a positive reaction in blood bank testing.
True
True or False: Patient records shall be compared to current results and any discrepancies shall be investigated and appropriate action taken before a unit is dissed for transfusion.
True
What is the 3-Day Rule?
A sample shall be obtained from the patient within three days of the scheduled transfusion.
Samples shall be retained for at least 7 days post transfusion.
There shall be _____ determinations of the recipients ABO blood group and Rh type.
two
For each reagent, one ______ and one _____ control needs to be run each day of use.
positive, negative.
All QC errors must be resolved before patient testing can commence.
Can kit contents be mixed?
No, Kit contents may NOT be mixed.
QC the QC material once per shipment via parallel test. Manager must monitor QC at least monthly.
Critical Equipment: Temperatures of critical equipment need to be monitored at least _____
daily
