Lecture 1: Immunology and Genetics Flashcards
Categorize the properties of IgG and IgM antibodies that promote serological reactivity of agglutination or hemolysis
IgG: reacts at 37C, is small, they are part of the secondary response and only IgG3 can activate the compliment cascade.
IgM: reacts at 20C, is big, is part of the primary response, so in most cases they have the ability to activate the complement cascade, when activated.
As for agglutination, if these antibodies are present in the blood and recognize a cell antigen, it will attach to that red cell antigen and group (the antigens it recognizes ) together, which is called an agglutinate.
Agglutination means that the antigen and the antibodies have found each other.
Which class of antibody reacts best at room temperature?
IgM
Which class of antibody reacts best at body temperature?
IgG
IgG antibodies are clinically significant for HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn) because…
A. They are too big to escape the vein
B. They fix complement
C. They demonstrate dosage
D. They are small enough to cross the placenta
D. They are small enough to cross the placenta
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IgM are too big
Hemolysis is a positive reaction that indicates you have most likely identified antibodies that…
a) React at AHG
b) Fix compliment
c) Cross the placenta
d) Are immune stimulated
b) fix compliment
Which of the following is known as the membrane attack complex in the classical pathway?
a) C1
b) C3
c) C4, C2, C3
d) C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
d) C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
Anti-C3dC3b reagent is used to detect antibodies that have which property?
a) Reacts at AHG
b) Fix complement
c) Cross the placenta
d) Are Immune stimulated
b) Fix complement
Recall which protein in the compliment system is identifiable on the red cell after compliment has been activated
C3b is the protein that will be on the outside of the red cell after compliment has been activated.
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We’ve developed an antibody anti-C3b that can attack to that antigen and detect if complement is starting to do its work.
Compare and contrast properties of the RBC component that make them an ideal or less than ideal product for transfusion
PRO properties:
1. Designed to carry oxygen efficiently
2. Non-toxic
3. Naturally sourced
CON properties:
1. Transplant rejection due to immune stimulation
2. Infectious
3. Limited shelf life
4. Volunteer collection only
What makes a blood product to be viable after collection?
-post transfusion RBC survival of >75%
-Free hemoglobin is <1%
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Which means only less than 1% RBC have burst during storage.
What RBC characteristics change over storage time?
Those that increase are Lactic Acid, Plasma K, and Plasma Hgb.
The rest decrease: % viable cells, Glucose, ATP, pH, 2,3-DPG.
As RBCs are stored which of the following increases?
a) Plasma potassium
b) 2, 3 DPG
c) ATP
d) pH
a) Plasma potassium
What is the shelf life of Acid Citrate Dextrose?
21
abbreviation: ACD-A, CPD, CP2D
What is the shelf life of Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine?
35
abbreviation: CPDA-I
What is the shelf life of Additive Solutions?
42
abbreviations: AS-I, AS-3, AS5
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Additive solutions reduce hematocrits allowing less viscosity and easier infusion of PRBCs while still are vesting maximum plasma from whole blood.
