Lecture 2 : Prokaryotic Diversity Flashcards
What are the 3 domains of life
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
Bacteria
- prokaryotic
- unicellular microorganisms
- Outnumber eukaryotic cells greatly
- Vast and diverse species
What are the 8 best known types of bacterial groups ?
- Hadobacteria
- Hyperthermophilic bacteria
- Firmicutes
- Actinobacteria
- Cyanobacteria
- Spirochetes
- Chlamydias
- Proteobacteria
Hadobacteria
- thermophiles
- Can also live in extremely cold temperatures
Hyperthermophilic Bacteria
- extremophiles
- environments like volcano vents, hot springs or underground oil reserves
Fimicutes
- some of the smallest cellular organisms
- found in the human microbiome
- some are associated with obesity and diabetes
- can produce endospores
Endospores
A resistant spore that develops inside some bacteria cells
How can endospores be beneficial for bacteria?
- survive tough environments
- encapsulates DNA
Actinobacteria
- most found in soil
- important roles in decomposition and humus formation
- found in diseases like tuberculosis
Cyanobacteria
- first photo-synthesizers
- some are aquatic
- some are able to fix nitrogen
- ancient group
Nitrogen Fixation
process in which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is incorporated into the tissue of plants
Symboisis
A symbiotic relationship where two organisms form a mutually beneficial relationship
What was a major contribution of cyanobacteria
the symbiotic relationship led to the formation of chloroplasts. They also helped to generate oxygen for our atmosphere
Spirochetes
- Move using axial filament ( internal flagella )
- Many are human pathogens
- some live freely in mud or water
Chlamydias
- very small
- parasitic and pathogenic ( STDs)
Proteobacteria
- largest and most diverse group of bacteria
- vast metabolic diversity
- move using flagella
Bacteria in and on our body outnumber our own cells as much as ___ to ___
10 to 1
Archaea
- prokaryotic
- more similar to eukaryotes based on organization
- size and simplicity is similar to bacteria
What kind of environments do archaea inhabit ?
extreme environments such as rift vents, hot springs, digestive tracts of cows etc.
What are the 5 major groups of Archaea ?
- Euryarchaeota
- Crenarchaeota
- Thaumarchaerota
- Korarchaeota
- Lokiarchaeota
Which groups of Archaea are the most known ?
- Euryarchaeota
- Crenarchaeota
Which groups of bacteria derive only from hot thermal vents ?
- Korarchaeota
* Thaumarchaeota
Which group of bacteria was recently discovered ?
- Lokiarcharota
What is DNA barcoding
taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an organism’s DNA to identify it as belonging to a particular species. It can also be used to differentiate between species.
What are the benefits of DNA barcoding ?
- method of identifying species quick and cost efficiently
What DNA is used in bar-coding
Mitochondrial
What are some consequences of DNA bar- coding
- male bias
