Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Conditions II > Lecture 2: Pediatric Neuro Conditions I > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Pediatric Neuro Conditions I Flashcards

1
Q

most common developmental disability

A

Intellectual disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Children with IDs have significant problems with:

A
  1. intellectual functioning
  2. Adaptive behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Signs of intellectual disability

A
  • Sit, up, crawl, or walk later than other children
  • Learn to talk later, or have trouble speaking
  • find it hard to remember things
  • have trouble understanding social rules/appropriate behaviors
  • have trouble seeing the results of their actions
  • trouble solving problems
  • problems with receptive/expressive language
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Management of Intellectual disability

A
  • Timely identification and referral
  • Early intervention services, special education & vocational rehab
  • Interdisciplinary care to manage ID and comorbidites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder Definiton

A
  • persistent, significant impairments in social interaction and communication as well as restrictive, repetitive behaviors and activities.
    • Wide spectrum
    • Neurobiological disorder
    • Behaviorally diagnosed
    • Apparent early in life
    • Lasts for the lifetime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ASD newest terminology

A

Neuroatypical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ASD is primarily a disorder of ___

A

communication, social relating and sensory processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ASD can occur with ___ disability

A

any other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ASD is a disorder of ____ processing

A

disorder of higher-order processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What ASD is not:

A
  • a mental illness
  • Behavioral disorder
  • Emotional disorder
  • hopeless condition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neuro issues common in individuals with ASD

A
  • Apraxia
  • Sensory processing problems
  • Epilepsy
  • Cognitive impairments
  • Failure to develop speech
  • doesn’t respond to name
  • auditory discrimination problems
  • lack of eye control
  • hypotonia
  • difficulty with motor planning
  • toe walking
  • lack of fear - risk takers/impulsive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ASD prevelance

A
  • 18.5/1000 (1/54)
  • 4.3X more prevelant in boys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ASD pts have ___ unimodal sensory connectivity

A
  • Increased unimodel sensory connectivity
    • (motor, auditory, visual)
    • the greater the clinical severity associated with greater unimodal connectivity
    • ppl w difficulty sensory processing have higher connectivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ASDs have ____ supramodel connectivity

A
  • Decreased supramodel connectivity
    • higher cognitive functioning - default mode, dorsal-attention, executive and salience
    • the higher the clinical severity, the lower supramodel connection
    • pts who have a hard time w social interactions (more severe) have decreased supramodel connections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ASD causes

A
  • environmental and genetic
  • no evidence between MMR vaccine and ASD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of ASD

A
  • No cure or one size fits all model
  • Early Intervention
    • Social, communication, functional, and social behavioral skills
  • No medications impact underlying pathology
    • Some medications to address: hyperactivity, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety
    • Epilepsy, sleep disorders, nutritional defencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Seizure definition

A

transient occurence of signs/symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

epilepsy

A

enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures with cognitive, psychological and social consequences of the condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Epilepsy criteria

A
  • ≥ 2 unprovoked seizures occurirng > 24 hours apart
  • One unprovoked seizure has similar probability of recurrence risk as 2 unprovoked seizures
  • Diagnosis of epilepsy syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Generalized seizures

A

affect both sides of the brain

  1. (petit mal)
  2. Tonic-clonic (grand mal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

petit-mal seizure (absence)

A
  • Generalized seizure
  • rapid blinking or a few seconds of staring into space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tonic-clonic (grand mal)

A
  • Generalized seizure
  • Cry out
  • Lose consiousness
  • Fall to the gorund
  • Have muscle jerks or spasms
  • pt may feel tired after clonic-tonic seizure (grand mal) ; monitor for post-seizure state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Focal (partial seizures)

A
  • Located in just one side of the brain
  • Simple focal
  • complex focal
  • secondary generalized seizures
24
Q

Simple focal seizure

A

Focal (partial seizure)

Affect a small part of the brain (twitching; change in sensation - stange taste or smell)

25
Q

Complex focal seizure

A

Focal (partial) seizure

can make a person with epilepsy confused or dazed (unresponsivle for a few minutes)

26
Q

Secondary generalized seizures

A
  • Begin in one part of the brain, but then spread to both sides of the brain (i.e., a focal seizure followed by a generalzied seizure)
27
Q

Unprovoked (epileptic) seizure disorder

A

Absence of temporary or reversible factor lower the threshold and producing a seizure at that point in time

28
Q

Provoked (un-epileptic) seizure disorder

A
  • Presence of a temporary or reversible factor:
    • fever
    • substance withdrawl
    • concussion/TBI
    • Lack of sleep
    • Flashing lights
    • tumor
    • COVID
    • dehydration
    • side effect
29
Q

top 4 anti-epileptic drugs

A
  1. sodium valporate (depakote)
  2. Phenobarital
  3. Cabamazepine (tegretol)
  4. Keppra
30
Q

other seizure disroder/epilepsy

A
  • Deep brain stimulation
  • Keto diet
  • Resection (laser ablation)
  • Vagus nerves stim (??)
31
Q

often times have to play with epileptic dosage because of

A

lethargy

32
Q

Down syndrome AKA

A

Trisomy 21

  • most common chromosomal abnormality
  • most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
  • Increasing prevalence
    • Increasing maternal age
33
Q

Down syndrome signs - key sings

A
  1. **Single palmar crease
  2. Congenital heart disease (66%)
  3. Intestinal defects (3.7%)
34
Q

biggest thing to consider with Downs syndrome

A

Atlantoaxial instability

35
Q

DS pts more likely to develop

A
  • testicular or blood cancer
  • mental health conditions
  • bronchitis
  • pneumonia
  • GI, neuro, thyroid, bone disease
36
Q

DS pts less likely to develop

A
  • Solid tumors
  • Heart disease
  • STDs
  • Influenza
  • Sinuitis
  • Diabetes
37
Q

Spina bifidia

A

condiiton where the neural tube fails to close in utero

38
Q

Occulta spina bifida

A

hairy tuft on lumbosacral region

usually no neural defects

39
Q

Meningocele spina bifida

A

neural tissues in tact w/in the body

meninges are external to the body

40
Q

Myelomemingocele spina bifida

A

neural tissue and meninges are outside of body

41
Q

Lipomyelomemingocele spina bifida

A

Myelomemingocele symptoms and cyst on the spinal cord

42
Q

spina bifida can occur anywhere from:

A

lower thoracic to lumbosacral

not naming a specific vertebrae - will likely just say region of involvement based on sensory and motor defecits

43
Q

spina bifida prevelance decreasing due to:

A

folic-acid supplementation

controlling preexisting conditions prior to conceiving

avoid overheating your body (including fever)

44
Q

treat every kid with spina bifida as if they have a ____ Allergy

A

LATEX

with increasing exposure comes an increase in severity of an allergic response

45
Q

Spina bifida - hydrocephalus

A

something that occured during sac closures that were done after birth & CSF mass would shoot directly back into the brain = hydrocephaly (build up in brain)

  • less likely when sac closure done in utero (CSF absorbed naturally through lymphatics)
46
Q

Spina bifida - Charli II Malformation (herniated cerebellum)

A

difficulty breathing and or swallowing

reccommend decompression surgery

47
Q

Spina bifida tethered cord symptoms

A
  1. back pain
  2. changes in bladder
  3. LMN symptoms (causa equina down)
  4. UMN signs: tension in spinal cord
  5. Feet deformities
48
Q

spinal dedformities in spina bifida

A
  • Hyperkyphosis in lumbosacral region
  • Kyphoscoliosis in thoracic
49
Q

definition of CP

A
  • disorder of the development of movement and posture causing activity limitation
  • attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occured in the developing brain
    • lesion itself in the brain does not proress but the interaction of the lesion and developing body causes proressice motor symptoms
50
Q

biggest risk factor for CP

A

Prematurity and LBW (low birth weight)

51
Q

pathophysiology of CP - preterm infant

A
  • periventricular leukomalacia
    • ischemic necrosis to periventricular white mater
  • Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction
    • hemorrhage into germinal matrix and ventricles
  • Affects ascending and decescing tracts
  • topgraphic and size relationship.
52
Q

pathophysiology of CP - term infant

A
  • Infarction in parasaggital, watershed area, MCA stroke
  • Basal ganglia and thalamic injury
53
Q

CP

hypertonia

A

spasticity, dystonia, rigidty

54
Q

CP

hyperkinetic

A

athetosis, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, tics, tremor

55
Q

CP

negative

A

ataxia, weakness, decreased selective motor control

56
Q

CP tone management

A
  • oral medications
  • anti-spasmodic injections
  • Selective dorsal Rhizotomy
  • Bacloen pump implantation
57
Q

CP general orthopedic procedures

A

Muscle/tendon lengthening

Tendon transfers

Osteomies

Athrodesis

Clinical Conditions II (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions