Lecture 2 - pain, musc and resp muscle dysfunction

Question 1

Respiratory muscle dysfunction causes

Answer 1

neuromuscular disease
connective tissue diseases
chronic lung diseases
chest wall disorders
post surgery
oral corticosteroids
malnourishment

Question 2

respiratory muscle dysfunction consequences:

Answer 2

reduced lung volumes
impaired airway clearance
impaired ex. tolerance
may result in gas exchange impairment, dyspnoea and abnormal breathing patterns

Question 3

respiratory muscle dysfunction clinical features

Answer 3

breathlessness
symptoms of night time hypoxaemia/ hypercapnia
respiratory muscle strength testing
spirometry (reduced VC, preserved FEV1/FVC ratio, reduced peak flow)
diaphragm weakness
abnormal breathing pattern
elevated hemidiaphragm dome in unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

Question 4

RMD interventions:

Answer 4

Respiratory muscle training ( threshold and resistive devices )
General exercise training
non-invasive ventilation

Question 5

Signs of dyspnoea

Answer 5

subjective report (use BORG)
signs of respiratory distress (PLB, inc. WOB, abnormal breathing pattern, acc mm use, sweaty, hot, faint)

Question 6

Dyspnoea management

Answer 6

acute - O2, non invasive ventilation, breathing control, positioning

chronic - self management:
behaviour and lifestyle modification
positions (lean forward, fix shoulder girdle)
breathing exercises
psychological positive interventions (massage, music etc)
breathing techniques