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Computers First Year > Lecture 2- Overview of Health Informatics > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Overview of Health Informatics Flashcards

1
Q

Which fields are rapidly increasing?

A

Healthcare data
Medical specialities and subspecialities
Different techniques for examination and testing
Medical information and knowledge

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2
Q

Medical specialities and subspecialities

A

Use to only be cardiothoracic surgery

Now we have specialty in heart valve

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3
Q

Many different techniques for examination and testing

A

Knee reflex test for nervous system

Blood screening for HIV

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4
Q

Medical information and knowledge

A

More and more phenomena found - steep increase

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5
Q

Why must healthcare data be managed properly?

A 
So we have 
Less errors
More effective
More efficient 
Healthcare system
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6
Q

Medical errors

A

Annually many people die due to medical errors
Cost health care system a lot of money
Better and improved system will save millions of dollars

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7
Q

Information hierarchy (pyramid)

A 
How 
Wisdom
Knowledge 
Information 
Data 
Are ranked by status
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8
Q

Data

A

Unorganised and unprocessed facts that don’t change over time
Mean nothing and have many meanings
80/120 are test results of BP?

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9
Q

Information

A

Aggregation of Data that makes decision making easy
Has meaning and represents something
80/120 is blood pressure
Answers Who What When Where.
Health informatics doesn’t have enough information

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10
Q

Knowledge

A

Includes facts about things that exist in the real world and the relationship between them
If the levels of antigen C increases, the patient may have prostate cancer
Knowledge means to understand something and is gained through experience
Answers How

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11
Q

Wisdom

A

Resembles principles, Insight and moral combination of knowledge
If levels of antigen C rises, it doesn’t have to mean that the patient has prostate cancer, may be due to an infection too
Wisdom allows us to differentiate
Answers Why
Gained through years of experience

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12
Q

Healthcare informatics

A

Science of combining healthcare data into information to derive knowledge and create wisdom

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13
Q

Healthcare informatics

A

Study of how healthcare data, information, knowledge are collected, processed, communicated, and used to the support of healthcare delivery of clients, providers, administers, and organisations in health dilevery

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14
Q

Health informatics is an interdisciplinary science

A

Information science
Computer science
Healthcare data

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15
Q

Informatics

A

Study of how technology transforms people and how people transform tech

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16
Q

Health informatics handles

A

1- Various resources
Devices
Methods to maximise the efficiency of data capturing, retrieval and use of information in health

2- Mixture of people, organisations, problems, illness, patient care and treatment

3- Tools which not only include computers but also
Clinical guidelines
Formal medical terminology
Information and communication systems

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17
Q

HI applied in

A 
Pharmacy 
Public health
Nursing 
Dentistry 
Medicine
Medical imagine
Veterinary 
Bioinformatics- concerned with biological data, particularly DNA and genomic information
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18
Q

One main application of HI

A 
Electronic health record EHR a collection of patient data 
E stored health information in digital format 
Includes 
Patient demography data
Medical history
Medication and allergies
Immunisation status
Lab test results
Radiology images
Vital signs 
Personal stats (age, weight)

PMMILRVP

19
Q

Informatics vs Information technology

A

Informatics; harness the power of information technology to expedite the transfer and analysis of data, leading to improved efficiencies and knowledge
Emphasis on process of info, manipulation and use of information

Information technology; application of computers in healthcare settings

20
Q

Information brokerage

A

The sharing of a variety of information back and forth between people and healthcare entities

21
Q

Key elements of informatics

A 
Acquisition
Storage
Communication
Manipulation
Display
22
Q

Acquisition

A

by capturing data and taking care to strive for quality, the system must capture data and save it quickly.

23
Q

Storage

A

Data must be saved and retrieved easily. EHR is used.

24
Q

Communication

A

Data need to be moved from one point of collection to storage, for analysis, and finally to the point of use (able to move data from one location to another)

25
Q

Manipulation

A

Data needs to be edited and manipulated and combined to other data
Eg one surgeon may diagnose the patient with asthma, the pharmacist of the patient may update the patient’s info with different medicines

26
Q

Display

A

Data shown in an easy and understandable way so can be used usefully

27
Q

Information -> technology -> healthcare functions

A

1- Collection of data
External; data from one hospital is transferred to your hospital
Internal; data from inside your hospital

This data is processed into devices and technologies through networks, internet, hospital information systems. Lab info is saved in a hospital database.

2- Database is based in each department
Networks; internet, HIS, LIS, RIS

3- The health care organisation will get the benefits or functions which are
Good patient care
Completed medical records
Full databases
Ancillary services: pharmacy, labs, in addition to the research

28
Q

What are the effects of health informatics?

A 
Improve; 
communication and continuity of care
Quality of care
Clinician productivity
Return in investment

Reduce;
Medical errors and litigation
Duplication of tests

Standardise;
Medical care by individuals and organisations

Accelerate;
Care and administrative transactions

Protect;
Privacy and ensure security

29
Q

Main player: Patient

A

1- Online searches for health info
Best choice of physician and hospital
2- Smartphone technology for text message reminder, internet access health and fitness application
3- Web portals for storing medical information, making appointment, checking lab results and drug refill
4- Use of Web 2.0 and online chatting which allows the patient to contact his/her doctor easily

30
Q

Main player: Clinicians and nurses

A

1- Online searcher with PubMed, google and other trusted search engines

2- Online resourced and digital libraries

3- EHR, decision support system (DSS) and PACS (picture archiving and communications system)

4-Smartphone with medical terminology and remote access to EHR

31
Q

Who are the main key players of HI?

A 
Patient
Clinicians
Nurses 
Hospitals
Support staff
32
Q

Main player: Hospitals

A 
EHR
E prescribing 
PACS 
E library
E coding and billing
Wireless technology
33
Q

Main player: Support staffing

A

Patient
Enrolment
E appointment
E scheduling

34
Q

Key organisation: IOM Institute of medicine

A 
HIT implanted to achieve
Safe
Effective
Patient centred 
Timely
Efficient
Equitable medical care
35
Q

Key organisation: Association of American medical college (AAMC)

A

Advocates for incorporating informatics into medical school curricula

1- optimise health and healthcare through best practice information management

2- enable continuous and life-long performance-based learning

3- create tools and resources to support discovery, innovation, dissemination, Build and operate a robust information environment that simultaneously enables
Healthcare
Foresters learning
Advances sciences

36
Q

Other organisations: Federal government

A

Department of health and human services DHSS
Agency for Healthcare Research and quality AHRQ
Centres for Medicare and Medicaid services CMS
Centres for disease control and prevention CDC
Health resources and services administration HRSA

37
Q

Other organisations: Public and private

A 
Bridges to excellence
eHealth initiative
Leapfrog
Marble connecting for health
National eHealth collaborative NeHC
Healthcare information technology standards panel HITSP
38
Q

Government initiatives: Health information technology for economic and clinical health (HITECH) act

A

1- achieve adoption and information exchange through meaningful use of health IT

2- improve care and population health and reduce healthcare costs through use of health it

3- inspire confidence and trust in health IT

4- empower individuals with health IT to improve their health and the healthcare system

5- achieve rapid learning and technological advancement

39
Q

Barriers to HI

A 
Inadequate time (busy docs)
Inadequate info (less data to info)
Inadequate expertise and workforce
Funding
Change in workflow 
Lack of professional personal
Privacy (HIPAA 1996 health insurance portability and accountability act)
Legal
Behavioural change
Too much hype
Lack of interoperability
40
Q

Key challenges to Kuwait’s healthcare system

A

Disconnected of health information systems
1- No focal point for patient information, fragmented info, different medical cases
2- No communication between hospital clinics and poly clinics

Low quality of info causing inconsistencies and errors

Patient aren’t part of the flow- no control or participation

41
Q

The following will be affected without a good HI system

A

Patient management
X-ray, lab systems, MR system
Accounting
Planning and strategies

42
Q

Health records

A

Understand diseases and treatment

Develop and test treatments

Ensure right patient receive right intervention

Service delivery and performance assessment

43
Q

Health records

A

Main source of all patient medical info
May utilise of tremendous volume of data
Information available in these medical records
The only and best way to improve the clinical practice, quality of patient care, and management of cases is through scientific investigation

44
Q

Decisions determine data

A
  • understanding diseases and treatment
    Standards based formalisation of clinical data and research results
  • develop and test treatments
    Patient- specific decision making to optimise and personalise treatment
  • ensure right patients receive right intervention
    Manage safe workflow, professional communication and security
  • service delivery, performance assessment
    Clinical engagement, post marketing surveillance, data mining

Computers First Year (3 decks)

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