Lecture 2, One Health; WTO SPS measures Flashcards
Throughout history, the connection between humans and animals has been recognized, as exemplified by references to rabies in ancient texts like
Homer’s Iliad.
Name the 19th-century German physician, that played a pivotal role in modern pathology and advocated for linking human and animal medicine.
Rudolf Virchow
Who founded the Veterinary Public Health Division in the late 1940s, recognizing the importance of animals in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases like rabies.
James Steele founded the Veterinary Public Health Division in the late 1940s, recognizing the importance of animals in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases like rabies.
Who coined the term “one medicine” in the 1970s, emphasizing the close systemic interaction of humans and animals for nutrition, livelihood, and health.
Calvin Schwabe coined the term “one medicine” in the 1970s, emphasizing the close systemic interaction of humans and animals for nutrition, livelihood, and health.
In what year was the Manhattan Principles laid down as the foundation for the One World, One Health concept, urging a holistic approach to preventing and combating epidemic/epizootic diseases while maintaining ecosystem integrity.
In 2004
The One Health concept aims to
integrate human, animal, and environmental health for disease prediction and control at the human-animal-ecosystem interface.
The definition of One Health includes the concept of
“transdisciplinarity,” where professionals from different disciplines work jointly to address common problems and create new innovations.
It aims to provide new methods and tools for research and policy formulation, contributing to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.
Transdisciplinarity is a
principle of research and science that goes beyond the boundaries of subjects or disciplines.
Multidisciplinarity
draws on knowledge from different disciplines but stays within its boundaries.
Interdisciplinarity
analyzes, synthesizes and harmonizes links between disciplines into a coordinated and coherent whole.
Transdisciplinarity integrates
the natural, social and health sciences in a humanities context, and transcends their traditional boundaries.
The One Medicine, One Health concept emphasizes
close collaboration and communication across various disciplines to reduce the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases and other events at the human-environment-animal interface.
“dilution effect” in the context of zoonoses
in regions with high biodiversity a “dilution effect” may exist for some pathogens, whereby highly competent reservoirs represent a small proportion of the available reservoirs,
and transmission risk to people is reduced.
This theory has potential importance for conservation because it suggests that biodiversity loss due to anthropogenic
environmental changes may lead to higher zoonotic disease risk, and that conserving biodiversity may benefit public health by reducing this risk.
The European Green Deal aims to
make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, focusing on sustainable growth to improve health, the economy, and nature conservation, ensuring inclusive benefits.
The Farm to Fork Strategy (F2F) is central to the
Green Deal, aiming to create sustainable food systems linked to healthy people and a healthy planet.
It’s key for achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and ensuring a fair transition post-COVID-19, enhancing environmental, health, and social benefits, as well as economic recovery.
The EU’s Climate Law targets a climate-neutral union by
2050, with an interim plan to increase GHG emission reductions by 50-55% from 1990 levels by 2030.
The Farm to Fork Strategy is crucial for the agriculture, fisheries, and food sectors to meet these goals.
It also sets specific targets: 50% reduction in pesticide use and risk, 50% cut in nutrient losses, 20% reduction in fertilizer use, and 25% of EU agricultural land under organic farming.