lecture 2-Measure of Disease Occurrence I Flashcards
active surveillance
- health facilities talking to health providers and reviewing health medical records to identify suspected cases of disease under surveillance
- MOST EXPENSIVE
- used when hospital is trying to eradicate something
- not supported by hospital staff
sentinel surveillance
- involves working with selected number of reporting sites that work with a large number of cases of the disease of interest
- provides more rapid and economical alternative to other surveillance methods
- only conducted in selected locations
- used for detecting rare diseases
NNDS
-stands for National Notifiable Disease Surveillance
-lists of reporting mandated by state law
health care providers, labs report to local Health dept
-reports transmitted to CDC
examples of notifiable infectious disease
- rabies
- AIDS
- chlamydia
- E. coli
- Gonorrhea
- Hepatitis C
- Legionellosis
- Mumps
- Pertussis
counts
- helps you get burden of disease
- just counting how many people have disease
prevalence
number of person with disease given a specific period of time/total population at that time
-provides snapshot of existence of disease in a population at a given time
disease of the week:
Obesity
what is it? definition
- abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health
- BMI is equal to or greater than 30
Health effects of obesity
- pulmonary disease
- cancer
- coronary heart disease
- Gall bladder disease
- stroke
BRFSS- what is it?
stands for Behavorial Risk Factor Surveillance system
- largest telephone survey in world
- established in 1984 by CDC
- collect information monthly
- collected trends on obesity across the country
Current data on obesity
- Acccording to NHANES study in 2015-2016:
- 1 in 3 adults are considered obese
- 1 in 13 have extreme obesity
how to reduce obesity?
individual level:
- increase fruit and vegetable intake
- reduce energy intake
- exercise regularly
passive surveillance
routine data collection from lab reports, ongoing information
risk factors for obesity
- poor diet
- sleep
- physical inactivity
- family history
- microbiome
- exposure to hardships
- obesogens (environmental exposures)
prevalence of obesity
more prevalent among women than men
-racially:
more non-Hispanic and Hispanics have higher prevalence
