Lecture 2 Lower Limbs Flashcards
Lower limbs are held by the ______
Pelvic Girdle
There are ____ coxal bones which are ____, ____, & ____
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
The coxal bones are separated by _______
cartilage
The coxal bones completely fuse by the time you are _____ years old
25 years old
Fusion at the hip socket includes what 2 landmarks of the pelvic girdle?
Acetabulum (“vinegar cup”) and obterator foramen (“closed hole”)
The pelvic girdle contains how many coxal bones?
2
The pelvic girdle has _____ but lacks ______
has stability; lacks flexibility
The pelvic girdles attach to the sacrum at the ______ joint
sacroiliac joint
The ________ consists of the 2 coxal bones and the sacrum
Bony Pelvis
The sacroiliac joint is a ___________ joint with strong _______ ligaments
interlocking synovial gliding joint; extracapsular joint
The ______ _____ is a continuous circular region that goes from the sacral promontory, around the arcuate line, to the pubic crest. It also forms a pelvic inlet.
Pelvic Brim
The greater pelvis is ______ to the pelvic brim and is a part of the abdomen.
superior
Are there pelvic organs in the greater pelvis?
No
The lesser pelvis is ____ to the pelvic brim and surround the _______. Dos it contain pelvic organs?
Inferior; pelvic cavity; yes
Which pelvic organs are found in the lesser pelvis?
bladder and internal reproductive organs
Is a child’s bladder above or below the pubic symphysis?
ABOVE
The bony pelvis encases ______
internal reproductive organs
A male pelvis, overall, is ______ & ______
Narrow and tall
Describe these in a male pelvis: False pelvis, pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, sacrum, pelvic brim, pubic arch, coccyx, obterator foramen
False pelvis=deep, pelvic inlet & outlet=narrow, sacrum=narrow, pelvic brim=heart shaped, pubic arch=<90 degrees, coccyx points anterior, obterator foramen=oval
Female pelvis, overall, is ____ & ____
Short and Wide
Describe these in a female pelvis: False pelvis, pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, sacrum, pelvic brim, pubic arch, coccyx, obterator foramen
False pelvis=shallow, pelvic inlet=large and round, outlet=wider, sacrum=short and wide, pelvic brim=rounded, pubic arch=>100 degrees, coccyx points inferior, obterator foramen=triangle shaped
Femur head attaches at the _____ of the coxal bone
acetabulum
The head of the femur attaching at the acetabulum form the ____ joint
hip joint
Hip joint is aka the ______ joint
Coxo-femoral joint
What type of joint is the coxo-femoral joint?
Synovial; Ball and Socket. & Diarthrosis; Triaxial
In the coxo-femoral joint, the deep acetabulum socket has a reinforced _____ and ______.
fat pad and fibrocartilage labrum
The coxo-femoral joint structure contributes to it’s ______
stability
The ______ ligaments of the coxo-femoral joint allow flexion, but not extension
extracapsular
The __________ attaches from the transverse ligament to the fovea capitis. How much support does it provide? Provides small______.
Ligamentum Teres (LT); Little or no support; provides small blood vessels (to head of femur)
Which ligament, when torn during a hip injury, disrupts blood vessels to the head of the femur?
Ligamentum Teres
Dislocation of the femur often occurs _______ due to immense stress. How likely is it that someone will dislocate their femur?
Posterior; It is rare
When a femur dislocates, what three ligaments are torn?
ligamentum teres, ischiofemoral ligament, and posterior capsule tear
Dislocation of the femur disrupts ______ from the Ligamentum Teres and Capsule. Death to _____ ____ results.
blood flow; bone tissue
A broken hip usually occurs along the _____ _____ because it is composed of mostly ______
femoral neck; spongy bone
Hip bone has a thin _______, and a broken hip disrupts _______
periosteum; blood flow
Between a tibia and a fibula, which is weight bearing and which is not?
Tibia=weight bearing
Fibula=not weight bearing
What 2 menisci are in the knee (tibiofemoral) joint? What do they provide?
Medial and Lateral; Provides cushion, conformity, increases surface area, and provides lateral stability
___ ___ ___ prevents anterior glide of the tibia
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
The popliteal muscle is oblique, so it ______ the knee when extended
unlocks
Lateral blow of the knee can cause tearing of the: __, ___, and ___
Medial Collateral Ligament, Medial Meniscus, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament
If you damage the ______, you cannot plantar flex
Achilles Tendon (aka Calcanial Tendon)
What is the most common type of ankle joint injury?
Inversion Injury
In an ankle joint INVERSION injury, the sole is forced _______, the talus is shoved into the ____ ____, the talus and calcaneous are forced away from the ____ _____.
medially; medial malleolus; lateral malleolus
Which lateral ligaments are stretched/torn in an INVERSION ankle joint injury?
Ant/Post Talofibular Lig & Calcaneofibular Lig.
In an EVERSION ankle joint injury, the sole is forced ______, the talus is shoved into the ______(possible fracture), the talus may be driven between the ____ & ____ (tearing interosseous membrane), and possible fracture of the _____
laterally; lateral malleolus; fibula and tibia; fibula
Which medial ligament may be stretched or torn in an EVERSION ankle joint injury?
Deltoid Ligament
