Lecture 1 Upper Limbs Flashcards
The pectoral girdle consists of the ____ & _____
Scapula and clavicle
The upper limb bones are attached to the axial skeleton by the ______
Pectoral Girdle
Pectoral girdle has _____ but lacks _____
Flexibility; lacks stabiity
For the clavicle, describe the superior surface, the sternal end, and the acromial end.
Superior surface=smooth
Sternal end=blocky
Acromial end=hooks forward
Is the medial clavicle anterior or posterior? Lateral clavicle?
Medial=anterior
Lateral=posterior
The clavicle is most varied in ___ compared to the other long bones
Shape
Manual workers have a more _______ clavicle because ___
More blocky and curved because more muscle is pulling on it
The right clavicle is usually more ____&_____ than the left
Short and thick
Which bone is most likely to break in children?
Clavicle
Clavicular growth ends at what age?
25-31years
He clavicle first ossifies through ___________, then the ends ossify through ________
Intramembranous; endochondral
The glenoid cavity contains _____ cartilage which is what connects the scapula to the _______
Articular/hyaline cartilage; humerus
What is the joint name for where the clavicle meets the sternum?
Sternoclavicular Joint
The pectoral girdle only has _____ attachment to the axial skeleton.
Anterior
The sternoclavicular joint is what TYPE of joint?
Synovial-Gliding joint
What are the types of movement of the pectoral girdle?
Protraction/retraction, elevation/depression
Muscles that act on the girdle originate on________, and insert on ______.
Orig=axial skeleton
Inserts=girdle
_______ moves both bones of the pectoral girdle
Trapezius
What is the action of the Levator Scapulae?
elevates the scapula
What is the insert and origin of the Rhomboid Minor?
Inserts @ base of the spine, origin @ vertebrae
Insert and action of the Rhomboid Major?
Inserts below the spine, causes rotation
The Serratus Anterior inserts where? Causes what action?
Inserts at vertebral border, causes protraction
_____ _______ ______ act on the pectoral girdle
Deep Anterior Muscles
The clavicle and the scapula connect at the _____ joint
acromioclavicular joint
What ligaments stabilize the clavicle?
Corococlavicular Ligaments
Which ligament gives superior support of the pectoral girdle, forming a “shelf”?
Corocoacromial Ligament
Shoulder separation is usually due to ____
downward force over the acromion
Shoulder Separation can result in a torn ____
Acromioclavicular Ligament (A.C.L.)
A SEVERE shoulder separation can result in a torn _____ and a torn ______
Acromioclavicular Ligament and Corococlavicular Ligament
In an X-Ray of acromioclavicular separation, the clavicle ______
“springs” up
What type of cartilage is found on the head of the proximal humerus?
Articular Cartilage
On a humerus, the first depression after the head
Anatomical Neck
The most commonly broken place on the humerus
The surgical neck (it’s thinner)
Which direction do the tubercles of the humerus point?
Anterior
The upper limbs are held to the girdle at the _______ Joint. This joint consists of the ____ & ____
Glenohumeral Joint; Glenoid Fossa (on scapula) and head of humerus
The loose _______ and the shallow ______ allows for flexibility in movement, but increases risk of dislocation.
articular capsule; glenoid cavity
The glenohumeral joint has a fibrocartilage meniscus called the ______
glenoid labrum
The rotator cuff (aka ______), consists of what 4 muscles?
Glenohumeral Reinforcement; “SITS” -> Suprapinatus, Infrapinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Extra reinforcement comes from the _____. The tendon runs _____.
Biceps Brachii; Intracapsular
What are the structural and functional types of joints that describe the Glenohumeral Joint?
Structural- synovial;ball & socket
Functional- diarthrosis; triaxial
What are 4 reasons that the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) would dislocate?
- Shallow glenoid cavity
- Large, rounded humeral head
- Loose articular capsule
- Great flexibility, but lacks stability
The most common type of glenohumeral dislocation?
Inferior-direction Dislocation
On the distal humerus, the medial epicondyle is directed ____
Medially
The 2 parts of the distal humerus (on each side of the medial epicondyle), are the ______ which articulates with the ______, and the _____ which articulates with the ______.
Capitulum articulates with the radius; Trochlea articulates with the ulna
What is the structural joint of the radioulnar?
Synovial Pivot
What is the structural joint of the humeral?
Synovial Hinge (btwn humerus and forearm)
What is the functional joint of the radioulnar?
Uniaxial
Functional joint of the Humeral?
Uniaxial (hinge)
The head of the radius pivots in the ____
radial notch
Pulling on the forearm can cause ______
Radial Head Dislocation
In radial head dislocation, the radial head slips out of the ___________
annular ligament
In radial head dislocation, the radial head slides away from the _____ of the ulna and the ____ of the humerus.
radial notch of the ulna and capitulum of the humerus
The scaphoid carpal bones articulate with the ___
radius
The Lunate carpal bones articulate with the ___
ulna
The carpal bones consist of 2 ____ joints and all others are ____ joints.
synovial; gliding
