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T2: Theme 5: Lifestyle > Lecture 2: Lifestyle and CVD > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Lifestyle and CVD Flashcards

1
Q

What % of CVD would be prevented by elimination fo modifiable rib factors?

A

80%

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2
Q

What are the presentations of metabolic syndrome?

A

Overweight

Abdominal fat distribution

Hypertension

Insulin resistance

Hyperglycemia

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3
Q

According to the EPIC Norfolk study, compared to those eating 5+ a day, how much more likely were others to die from CVD?

A

1.7x

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4
Q

According to the EPIC Norfolk study, compared to those eating 5+ a day, how much more likely were others to have a stroke?

A

1.4x

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5
Q

According to US nurse study, how much more likely were those in the top 20% total fat intake to develop CVD?

A

1.3x

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6
Q

According to US nurse study, how much more likely were those in the top 20% saturated fat intake to develop CVD?

A

1.5x

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7
Q

According to the EPIC Norfolk study, compared to non-smokers, how much more likely were smokers to die early from CVD?

A

1.9x

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8
Q

According to the EPIC Norfolk study, compared to non-smokers, how much more likely were smokers to have a stroke?

A

1.7x

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9
Q

Compared to CHD patients who keep smoking, by what % are quitters less at risk of premature death?

A

36%

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10
Q

Compared to CHD patients who keep smoking, by what % are quitters less at risk of re-infarct?

A

32%

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11
Q

According to the EPIC Norfolk study, how many times more likely are inactive people to die from CVD?

A

1.3x

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12
Q

According to the EPIC Norfolk study, how many times more likely are inactive people to have a stroke?

A

1.3x

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13
Q

How many times is the CVD risk to those in the lowest 20% income compared to the top 20%?

What is this figure once adjusted for behavioural risk factors?

A

2.7x

No greater risk

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14
Q

How many times is the acute MI risk to those in the lowest 20% income compared to the top 20%?

What is this figure once adjusted for behavioural risk factors?

A
  1. 3x

2. 8x

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15
Q

What are men most likely to cite as the reason for their MI?

A

Poor diet

Hard work

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16
Q

What are women most likely to cite as the reason for their MI?

A

Chance or bad luck

17
Q

What factor are linked to shorter time getting to hospital?

A

Being male

Being married

Believing that MI has more serious consequences

Active coping style

Using problem-focused coping

More non-pain symptoms (breathlessness, dizziness, etc.)

18
Q

What are the physical responses to stress?

A

Fight/flight response

Acute

19
Q

What are the behavioural responses to stress?

A

Poor diet, smoking, alcohol, drugs

Chronic

20
Q

What are the emotional responses to stress?

A

Anxiety, anger, depression

Chronic

21
Q

What are the cognitive responses to stress?

A

Poor concentration

Acute/chronic

22
Q

What is the problem solving coping response?

A

Approach

23
Q

What is the distraction coping response?

A

Avoidance

24
Q

What effects may result from chronic stress?

A

Induction of atherosclerosis

Lowered threshold for arrhythmia

25
Q

What effects may result from acute stress?

A

Trigger ischaemia in patients with CHD

Associated with cardiovascular changes

26
Q

What is a type A personality?

A

Hard-driving Competitive behaviour Vigorous speech characteristics Impatience
Potential for hostility

27
Q

By what % is depression increased post-MI?

A

Up to 30%

28
Q

By what % are anxiety symptoms increased post-MI?

A

40%

29
Q

By what % is PTSD increased post-MI?

A

15%

30
Q

What is the link between depression and MI?

A

2-3 x more common after MI than at other times in life

More severe following earlier or more severe cardiac events

Independent predictor of premature death in CHD patients

Associated with poorer adherence to medication or lifestyle modification post MI

31
Q

What % of people change to healthier diet after an MI?

How many maintain these changes after 1 year?

A

65%

Around half

32
Q

What % of people quit smoking after an MI?

How many maintain this after 1 year?

A

60%

Around half

33
Q

What % of people reduce sexual activity after an MI?

A

60%

34
Q

What % of people cease sexual activity after an MI?

A

5%

35
Q

What factors make people less likely to attend cardiac rehabilitation?

A

No chest pain

Lower income

Living alone

Perceive health professionals to downplay importance of exercise

Believe medication is more important for promoting health

T2: Theme 5: Lifestyle (3 decks)

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