Lecture 2: Key issues in public health, evidence base for inequalities

Question 1

When was the first public health act?

Answer 1

1848

Question 2

What was the black report?

Answer 2

An expert committee report on health inequality got DoH

1. main causes of inequalities was economic inequality
2. overall health improving since introduction welfare state
3. Whitehead Report 1987 and Acheson Report 1998

Question 3

What was the Marmot review?

Answer 3

Fair society Healthy lives

review of the social determinants of health and health divide in the WHO European region

Question 4

What is the Marmot review show?

Answer 4

Health inequalities:

1. are inevitable or imutable
2. result from social inequalities
3. reduction is vital to economy

that health inequalities are largely preventable

Focusing solely on most disadvantages will not be sufficient – need ‘proportionate universalism’

Question 5

The commission on social determinants of health

Answer 5

Three principles of action:

1. rove the conditions of daily life
2.  Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money and resources
3. Measure problem, evaluate action, expand the knowledge base, develop a workforce that is trained in the social determinants of health and raise public awareness about them

Question 6

What are the time frames for looking at long term effects n adult disease risk when taking a life course approach? What 3 areas does it study?

Answer 6

Gestation
Childhood
Adolescence
Young adulthood
Later adult life

Biological, Behavioural, Psychosocial pathways

Question 7

What is the asset approach?

Answer 7

a glass half full - recognising the gifts of others and putting these to action, building communities

Question 8

What are Ferdinand Mounts five types of inequalities?

Answer 8

POLITICAL – equal rights to health and healthcare

LIFE OUTCOMES – equal quality of health

OPPORTUNITY – equal access to health and healthcare

TREATMENT AND RESPONSIBILITY – equal quality of healthcare

PARTICIPATION – equal consideration in healthcare decisions

Question 9

What did the black report show?

Answer 9

lower socio-economic health status results in poor health

Question 10

3 explanations of health inequality un society?

Answer 10

Poverty
individual deficit
psychosocial stress