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Molecules to Cells - Biochemistry > Lecture 2. Introduction to Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Lecture 2. Introduction to Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three properties that living things have ?

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Growth
  3. Reproduction
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2
Q

Who proposed the Cell Theory

A

Schleiden and Schwann

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3
Q

What is the Cell Theory ?

A

All cells are the fundamental units of life, because a cell is the simplest unit that is capable of independent existence, and all living things are made up of cells

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4
Q

What must a cell have ?

A
  1. A genome to code for its structures
  2. A way to express its genetic information
  3. A system to utilise energy
  4. A plasma membrane that controls communication with the outside world
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5
Q

What is the function of the cytosol ?

A

Contains metabolic pathways

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6
Q

What is the function of the nucleus ?

A

Contains main genome

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7
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum ?

A

Synthesis of most lipids and proteins (for distribution to many organelles and to the plasma membrane)

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8
Q

What is the function of the golgi ?

A

Modification, sorting and packaging of proteins and lipids for either secretion or delivery to another organelle

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9
Q

What is the function of lysosomes ?

A

Intracellular degradation

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10
Q

What is the function of the endosome ?

A

Sorting of endocytosed material

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11
Q

What is the function of mitochondria ?

A

ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

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12
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts ?

A

ATP synthesis and carbon fixation by photosynthesis

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13
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes ?

A

Oxidation of toxic molecules

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14
Q

What is transmission electron microscopy ?

A

Looks at thin cross sections of tissue by passing a beam of electrons through a sample

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15
Q

What is scanning electron microscopy ?

A

Scatters electrons off the surface of the sample and is used to look at the surface details of cells

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16
Q

What is fluorescence microscopy ?

A

Allows us to see more detailed images of cellular components and molecules

17
Q

What is the benefit of electron microscopy ?

A

Gives the best resolution and highest magnification

18
Q

What is subcellular fractionation ?

A

A technique used to isolate the components of cells

19
Q

What is flow cytometry ?

A

A technique which requires the use of a flow cytometer or fluorescent activated cell sorter. Laser beams of varying intensity are used to determine the characteristics of cells

Molecules to Cells - Biochemistry (17 decks)

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