Lecture 2: Intro to OCMM

Question 1

What year was the Osteopathic Cranial Academy established by students of Dr. Sutherland?

Answer 1

1947

Question 2

What year was Dr. Sutherland’s work first published in the JAOA?

Answer 2

1944

Question 3

What are the 5 components of the Primary Respiratory Mechanism (PRM)?

Answer 3

1. The inherent mobility of the brain and spinal cord
2. The fluctuation of the CSF
3. The mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes
4. The articulatory mobility of the cranial bones
5. The involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia

Question 4

The inherent mobility of the brain/SC as one of the components of PRM/OCMM is due to what 2 factors?

Which can be measured?

Answer 4

1. Traube-Hering Wave due to changes in blood flow velocity and is measureable by laser flowmetery
2. Glial cells contribute to neurovascular coupling and regulate flow in the brain

Question 5

What is the normal range of the CRI?

Answer 5

6-14 cycles/min

Question 6

The CRI is separate from which physiologic mechanisms?

Answer 6

• Respiratory
• Circulatory

Question 7

What is the “Sutherland Fulcrum”?

Location?

Answer 7

A point of function generally located in the region of the straight sinus (junction of the Falx and Tentoria)

Question 8

The Reciprocal Tension Membrane (RTM) is created by what 3 components?

Answer 8

• Tentorium
• Falx Cerebri
• Cerebellum

Question 9

Reciprocal Tension Membrane (RTM) attaches to the bones of the vault and base, holding them under?

Answer 9

Constant tension

Question 10

Does the RTM allow for motion?

Answer 10

Allows BUT limits motion

Question 11

What is the Anterior/Superior pole of attachment for the RTM?

Answer 11

Crista galli

Question 12

What is the Anterior/Inferior pole of attachment for the RTM?

Answer 12

Clinoid processes of Sphenoid

Question 13

What is the Lateral pole of attachment for the RTM?

Answer 13

Mastoid angles of parietals AND petrous ridges of temporal bones

Question 14

What is the Posterior pole of attachment for the RTM?

Answer 14

Internal occipital protuberance AND transverse ridges

Question 15

What are the 2 most important components of the PRM?

Answer 15

1) The inherent mobility of the brain and spinal cord
2) Fascial mobility and continuity significantly impacts the RPM

Question 16

The SBS is where the basisphenoid and basiocciput join to form a what?

Answer 16

Synchondrosis

Question 17

SBS extension is paired with which phase of respiration?

Answer 17

SBS Extension = Exhalation

Question 18

Foramen associated with CN I (Olfactory)?

Answer 18

Foramina of Cribiform plate

Question 19

Foramen associated with CN II (Optic)?

Answer 19

Optic canal

Question 20

Which foramina is associated with V1, V2, and V3 of CN V (Trigeminal)?

Answer 20

• V1 (opthalmic) = superior orbital fissure
• V2 (maxillary) = foramen rotundum
• V3 (mandibular) = foramen ovale

Question 21

Which 4 CN’s exit the Superior Orbital Fissure?

Answer 21

• Oculomotor (CN III)
• Trochlear (CN IV)
• Opthalmic (V1)
• Abducens (CN VI)

Question 22

Which 3 foramina are associated with CN VII (Facial)?

Answer 22

1) Internal Acoustin Meatus
2) Facial Canal
3) Stylomastoid Foramen

Question 23

Foramen associated with CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)?

Answer 23

Internal Acoustic Meatus

Question 24

The inherent sacral motion and the core link are due to dural attachements where?

Answer 24

• Foramen magnum
• Posterior body and disc of S2 in the spinal canal

Question 25

At which sacral level is the Inferior Trasnsverse (Pelvic/Ilial) Axis of the Sacrum?

Represents the axis for what movement?

Answer 25

• S3
• Axis for movement of the ilia on the sacrum

Question 26

The Superior Transverse Axis of the Sacrum is at what sacral level?

Associated with the motion of what?

Answer 26

• S2
• Respiratory motion

Question 27

In summary, what did Moskalenko’s research describe?

Answer 27

Interaction btw intracranial hemodynamics and CSF circulation

Question 28

Which foramen does CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (Vagus) and CN XI (accessory) exit?

Answer 28

Jugular foramen

Question 29

What are the 5 characteristics/qualities of the CRI?

Answer 29

1. Rate - usually 10-14 bpm
2. Rhythm - usually palpated like the “tide of the ocean”
3. Amplitude - diminished by SD
4. Strength - diminished by SD
5. Direction - is longitudinal and symmetric in healthy pt

Question 30

Which 2 systems interface with each other during normal functioning and in times/conditions of disease?

Answer 30

1. Nervous system
2. Fluid dynamics

Question 31

Balanced Membranous Tension is what type of treatment?

Answer 31

Indirect cranial manipulative Tx