Lecture 2: Inclusion and Segregation

Question 1

Define impairment

Answer 1

any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function

Question 2

What is the WHO definition of disability

Answer 2

“The outcome or result of a complex relationship between an individual’s health condition and personal factors, and the external factors that represent the circumstances in which the individual lives”

• Seeks to describe the situation of each person within the context o environmental and personal factors

Question 3

Define ableism

Answer 3

the different or unequal treatment of people because of actual or perceived disabilities

Question 4

What are 5 common examples ableism

Answer 4

1. Able-bodied people exploiting their privilege: using a disability bathroom
2. Limited accommodations
3. Assuming disabilities are visible
4. Using words or objects that discriminate: ex. Retarded, crazy
5. Fear of inclusion: afraid to talk to disabled individuals (at work or at school)

Question 5

What is mainstreaming

Answer 5

Looking primarily at schools. Children with disability were placed in a special school but there was a realization that it wasn’t benefitting the children. There was an attempt to integrate these children into eh same classrooms as children without disability.

Question 6

What is the principle of normalization

Answer 6

A societal concept that leads people with disability to empowerment and autonomy, giving them a fuller life.
Ex. ride the same transportation, live with their families, eat what they want for dinner

Question 7

What went wrong with mainstreaming

Answer 7

1. There was no evaluation for the students transitioning
2. There was no support given to the students
3. Teachers did not receive training, equipment, teaching techniques, or assistance from specialists

Question 8

What are the steps in the Least Restrictive Environment Model

Answer 8

1. Hospital and Treatment Centre
2. Residential School
3. Special Day School
4. Full-time special class
5. Part-time special class
6. Regular classroom (with extra teaching or treatment)
7. Regular classroom (with assistance)
8. Regular classroom

Question 9

How does the Least Restrictive Environment Model work

Answer 9

Children can move up and down the scale after assessment

Question 10

What are some issues with the Least Restrictive Environment Model

Answer 10

1. It legitimizes restrictive environment
2. The focus is on physical settings rather than support and services
3. Individuals have to earn the right to move levels
4. The model infringes on basic rights to be included

Question 11

Define inclusion

Answer 11

a place where everyone belongs, is accepted, supports, and is supported by his or her peers and other members of the community

Question 12

Inclusion is successful if what three things are present (reading on eclass)

Answer 12

1. sense of belonging
2. acceptance
3. value

Question 13

Who does inclusion benefit (in terms of schools)

Answer 13

1. Children with disability (learn social and adaptive behaviours)
2. Children without disability (more comfortable around disability)
3. Teachers (learn new skills)

Question 14

What are some challenges to inclusion (children in schools)

Answer 14

1. parental preferences were ignored
2. lack of individualized physical education programs
   Teachers feel they are ill-prepared and not supported
3. inclusion became a “cause” or moral imperative