Lecture 1: Attitudes towards individual's with impairment Flashcards
Define attitude
A relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioural tendencies towards significant objects, groups, events, or symbols (ex. swastika)
What is the “A” in the ABC Model of Attitudes
Affective component: involves a person’s feelings/emotions about the attitude object. (i.e. “I am scared of spiders”)
What is the “B” in the ABC Model of Attitudes
Behavioural component: the way the attitude we have influences how we act or behave (i.e. “I will avoid spiders and scream if I see one”)
What is the “C” in the ABC Model of Attitudes
Cognitive component: this involves a person’s beliefs/knowledge about an attitude object (i.e. “I believe spiders are dangerous”)
The documentary “Shameless” was watched and the class discussed common societal attitudes towards disability.
Go look at it!
Perceptions of disability has _______ cross-culturally
“varied”
Give an example of how perceptions of disability have varied cross-culturally.
Greek & Romans: disability meant you were sick and inferior
Christians: disability = possessed by evil spirits
Darwinism: disabilities were “unfit” and should not be helped. Survival of the fittest.
Some African nations: disabilities were seen as good luck and pampered
Other African Nations: children born with disabilities were killed at birth.
What did Francis Galton do?
Used the normal distribution curve to establish a ranking system for characteristic traits considered to be desirable. The lower quadrant was undesirable an the upper quadrant represented progress
What are the American Adapted Physical Activity National Standards
if an intelligence score is two or more standard deviations below the mean, it is related to intellectual impairments (IQ of 70 or below)
Define a model
A simple representation of reality that helps us to understand how something works (like a looking glass used to view a concept like disability)
What is the Medical Model of Disability
- Focuses on assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of disability
- Based on the judgment of experts (doctors, etc.)
- Generalizes and defines groups of people (a label is put on them that can be debilitating to an individual. Ex. how much funding they receive and what jobs they are able to get.)
- Focus on rehabilitation; become more ‘normal’
What is the main difference between the Medical Model and the Social Model of Disability
The Medical Model puts blame on the individual; they are the problem.
The Social Model points away from the individual and claims that society has barriers that disables the individual. (ex. the language and stereotypes used against individuals. It can also be something physical like a building without access to a ramp. The person in a wheelchair is disabled by having only built stairs)
What is the Social Model of Disability
- Disability is created by a society which disables people
- Recognizes barriers that may disable individuals (environment, transportation, policies)
- Removes the label from an individual, separating the individual from their disability
- Brings a sense of empowerment to disabled people
Describe the Theory of Planned Behaviour
attitudes, subjective norms (societal views of what is appropriate), and perceived control (over a situation; self-efficacy) have an influence on intent which influences behaviour.
the stronger the intention to engage in a behaviour, the higher the probability for that behaviour to occur.
In the Theory of Planned Behaviour, which of the 3 personal aspects influence intention the most
Attitudes: Poor attitudes were shown to be the result of insufficient knowledge, and lack of experience
There is a Jan 11. reading on eclass about this study.
