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COSC101 - Computer Graphics And Visual Computing > Lecture 2: Image Processing > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Image Processing Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the manipulation of images using digital computers

(identify)

A

Image processing

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2
Q

is a method to perform some operations on an image, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it.

(identify)

A

Image processing

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3
Q

It is a type of signal processing in which input is an image and output may be image or characteristics/features associated with that image.

(identify)

A

Image processing

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4
Q

is an image file format that’s defined by a pixel with one or more numbers associated with it. The number defines the location, size, or color of the pixels.

(identify)

A

raster image

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5
Q

Raster Images

Raster Images

(give 3 examples)

A
  • .BMP
  • .GIF
  • .JPEG
  • .PNG
  • .TIFF
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6
Q

Raster Images

Today, almost all of the images you see on the Internet and images taken by a digital camera are raster images.

(true or false)

A

true

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7
Q

Raster Devices

Most device that are used to produce images are ?, that is, use rectangular arrays of dots (pixels) to display the image

(fill in the blanks)

A

raster devices

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8
Q

Raster Devices

This includes ?, ?, ? and ?.

(examples only)

A
  • CRT monitors
  • LCDs
  • laser
  • dot-matrix printers
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9
Q

Raster Devices

Examples of non-raster output devices include ? and ? still widely used.

(examples only)

A
  • vector displays (not used anymore)
  • plotters
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10
Q

Raster Devices

converting a continuous object is such as a line or a circle into discrete pixels

(identify)

A

Scan conversion

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11
Q

Images

In common usage, an ? or ? is an artifact that reproduces the likeness of some subject—usually a physical object or a person

(fill in the blanks)
(not same answer)

A

Image. Picture

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12
Q

Images

Images may be ? such as a photograph

(fill in the blanks)

A

two dimensional

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13
Q

Images

Images may be ? such as in a statue.

(fill in the blanks)

A

three dimensional

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14
Q

Images

They are typically produced by optical devices—such as a ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, etc. and ? and ?

(examples only)

A
  • cameras
  • mirrors
  • lenses
  • telescopes
  • microscopes
  • natural objects
  • phenomena
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15
Q

Images

the number of pixels in the image. The term applies equally to digital images, film images, and other types of images.

(identify)

A

Image Resolution

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16
Q

Images

describes the detail an image holds

(identify)

A

Image Resolution

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17
Q

Images

Higher resolution means less image detail

(true or false)

A

false: Higher resolution means less image detail
true: Higher resolution means more image detail

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18
Q

Image Classifications

(enumeration)

A
  • Monochrome Bit-Map Image
  • Gray-scale Images
  • 24-Bit Color Images
  • 1-bit Images
  • 8-bit Gray level Images
  • 8-bit color images
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19
Q

Image Classifications

Each pixel contains a single bit of information, indicating
whether the pixel is light or dark.

(identify)

A

Monochrome Bit-Map Image

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20
Q

Image Classifications

An image displayed in a single color or shades of a single color.

(identify)

A

Monochrome Bit-Map Image

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21
Q

Image Classifications

Most monochrome computer displays use ?, ?, or ?, although it could be any one color.

(examples only)

A
  • white
  • green
  • amber
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22
Q

Image Classifications

Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1)

(identify)

A

Monochrome Bit-Map Image

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23
Q

Image Classifications

Monochrome Bit-Map Image
A 640 x 480 monochrome image requires 37.5 KB of storage.

(example only)
(skippable)

A

No answer

Example only

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24
Q

Image Classifications

is simply one in which the only colors are shades of gray. The reason for differentiating such images from any other sort of color image is that less information needs to be provided for each pixel.

(identify)

A

Gray-scale Images

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25
Q

Image Classifications

**Gray-scale Images*
In fact a ? color is one in which the red, green and blue components all have equal intensity in RGB space. Thus it’s only necessary to specify a single intensity value for each pixel, as opposed to the three intensities needed to specify each pixel in a full color image.

(identify)

A

gray

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26
Q

Image Classifications

Each pixel is usually stored as a byte (value between 0 to 255)

(identify)

A

Gray-scale Images

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27
Q

Image Classifications

Gray-scale images
A 640 x 480 greyscale image requires over 300 KB of storage.

(example only)
(skippable)

A

No answer

Example only

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28
Q

Image Classifications

Full RGB color requires that the intensities of three color components be specified for each and every pixel

(identify)

A

24-Bit Color Images

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29
Q

Image Classifications

Image formats that store a full 24 bits to describe the color of
each and every pixel are therefore known as ?.

(identify)

A

24-bit color images

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30
Q

Image Classifications

There are also some disadvantages to using 24-bit images.

(true or false)

A

true

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31
Q

Image Classifications

Each pixel is represented by three bytes (e.g., RGB)

(identify)

A

24-bit color images

32
Q

Image Classifications

Supports 256 x 256 x 256 possible combined colours (16,777,216)

(identify)

A

24-Bit Color Images

33
Q

Image Classifications

24-Bit Color Images
Supports 256 x 256 x 256 possible combined colours (16,777,216)

(example only)
(skippable)

A

No answer

Example only

34
Q

Image Classifications

each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1). A bit has only two states either on or off, white or black, true or false.

(identify)

A

1-bit images

35
Q

Image Classifications

1-bit images
An ? is a set of pixels

(fill in the blanks)

36
Q

Image Classifications

1-bit images
Note that a ? is a picture element in digital image

(fill in the blanks)

37
Q

Image Classifications

? Each pixel of ? is represented by a single byte (8 bits).

(fill in the blanks)
(same answer)

A

8-bit Gray level images

38
Q

Image Classifications

**each pixel* of such image can hold 2(raise to 8)=256 values between 0 and 255

(identify)

A

8-bit Gray level images

39
Q

Image Classifications

Therefore each pixel has a brightness value on a scale from black (0 for no brightness or intensity) to white (255 for full brightness or intensity).

(identify)

A

8-bit Gray level images

40
Q

Image Classifications

is a method of storing image information in a computer’s memory or in an image file, where one byte (8 bits) represents each pixel

(identify)

A

8-bit color images

41
Q

Image Classifications

The maximum number of colors that can be displayed at once is 256.

(identify)

A

8-bit color images

42
Q

Image Classifications

8-bit color graphics are of two forms:

(describe)

A

First form: image stores not color but an 8-bit index into the color map for each pixel, instead of storing the full 24-bit color value
Second form: N/A (Not in PPT)

43
Q

A picture element, containing the color or the hue and relative brightness of that point in the image.

(identify)

44
Q

Pixel

(describe)

A
  • a single point in a graphic image
  • pixels in an image can be reproduced, at any size, without the appearance of dots/squares
  • but if pixels are not enough, visibly distinct dots/squares can be seen
45
Q

Geometry

is quite an important thing in computer graphics. As mentioned before, computers mostly know how to do math

(identify)

46
Q

Geometry

is a field in mathematics that allows us to describe the physical layout of our every day world.

(identify)

47
Q

Geometry

We can describe it in 3 ?, usually denoted as x, y and z directions

(fill in the blanks)

A

spatial dimensions

48
Q

Geometry

(enumerate)

A
  • Point
  • Vector
  • Orthogonal Vectors
  • Line
  • Line segment
  • Plane
  • Dot product
49
Q

Geometry

**set of values that denotes a location in a space.

(fill in the blanks)

50
Q

Geometry

set of values that denotes a direction in a space.

(fill in the blanks)

51
Q

Geometry

perpendicular vectors, angle between them is 90°.

(fill in the blanks)

A

Orthogonal vectors

52
Q

Geometry

set of points that satisfy a linear equation of two variables

(fill in the blanks)

53
Q

Geometry

part of a line that is bounded by two distinct points.

(fill in the blanks)

A

Line segment

54
Q

Geometry

set of points that satisfy a linear equation of three variables.

(fill in the blanks)

55
Q

Geometry

also called scalar product and inner product.

(fill in the blanks)

A

Dot product

56
Q

RGB Color

is composed of the primary colors Red, Green, and Blue.

(identify)

A

RGB color model

57
Q

RGB Color

This system defines the color model that is used in most color CRT monitors and color raster graphics

(identify)

A

RGB color model

58
Q

RGB Color

They are considered the ? since the colors are added together to produce the desired color.

(fill in the blanks)

A

“additive primaries”

59
Q

Alpha Compositing

is the process of combining an image with a background to create the appearance of partial transparency

(identify)

A

Alpha compositing

60
Q

Alpha Compositing

It is mostly used in 2D graphics

(identify)

A

Alpha compositing

61
Q

Alpha Compositing

Compositing

(describe)

A
  • combine images and live footage
  • vital but simple process
  • To combines these images, it’s essential to keep the matte of each element
  • contains information corresponding to each element
62
Q

Alpha Compositing

is the concept designed to store information.

(identify)

A

Alpha channel

63
Q

Alpha Compositing

Additional information is stored corresponding to each pixel in the ? with a value between zero and one.

(fill in the blanks)

A

alpha channel

64
Q

Alpha Compositing

means that the pixel does not have any coverage information and is transparent; i.e. there was no color contribution from any geometry because the geometry did not overlap this pixel.

(identify)

A

value of 0

65
Q

Alpha Compositing

means that the pixel is opaque because the geometry completely overlapped the pixel.

(identify)

A

value of 1

66
Q

Alpha Compositing

The technique is used in many applications like ?, ?, ? and many more

(examples only)

A
  • Android
  • Mac OS
  • Plan 9
67
Q

Alpha Compositing

Rendering overlapping objects that include an alpha value is called ?.

(identify)

A

alpha blending

68
Q

Alpha Idea

been used to composite billions of pixels (if not more) to create images for print, video, film, and probably every other application of computer graphics.

(identify)

A

alpha idea

69
Q

Alpha Idea

is obviously incredibly useful for compositing images.

(identify)

70
Q

Alpha Idea

In addition to the red, green, and blue components of each color, there is an additional optional fourth component, referred to as the color’s ?.

(identify)

A

“alpha”

71
Q

Alpha Idea

means transparency and is particularly useful when you want to draw elements that appear partially see-through on top of one another

(identify)

72
Q

Alpha Idea

is the process by which graphical objects are combined.

(identify)

A

Compositing

73
Q

Alpha Idea

uses the alpha values, or channel (bit mask) to represent the coverage of each pixel.

(identify)

A

Alpha compositing

74
Q

Alpha Idea

is often said to represent the ‘opacity’. This coverage information is used to control the compositing of colors.

(identify)

A

alpha channel

75
Q

Alpha Channel

is a color component that represents the degree of transparency or opacity of a color i.e., the red, green and blue channels.

(identify)

A

alpha channel

76
Q

Alpha Channel

(describe)

A
  • used to determine how a pixel is rendered when blended with another
  • controls transparency or opacity of a color
  • value can be represented as a real value, a percentage, or an integer

COSC101 - Computer Graphics And Visual Computing (5 decks)

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