Lecture 2: eyes Flashcards
diplopia
double vision
anisocoria
unequal pupil size. indicative ofdamage to the iris muscles or their innervation
vision loss in the temporal half of vision in each eye
bitemporal hemianopsia, lesion of the optic chiasm
consensual
constriction of the left eye when light is shined into the right
lesions of the visual pathway
nerve, chiasm, tract and radiation
left homonymous hemianopsia
lesion of the optic tract or radiation interrupts fibers originating on the same side of both eyes
ptosis
drooping of the upper lid
xanthelasma
slightly raised, yellowish, well circumscribd plaques that appear along the nasal portion of one/both eyelids
chalazion
a subacute painless nodule caused by obstruction of a meibomian gland
sty
painful, tender, red infection of a pilosebaceous gland of Mol at the margin of the eyelid.
episcleritis
a localized ocular redness from inflammation of the episcleral vessels
arcus senilis
a thing grayish white arc or circle not quite at the edge of the cornea
dilated vs constricted pupil
mydriasis, miosis
pupillary light reactions
normal: shine in 1 eye, other constricts (CNII)
marcus gunn/afferent pupillary defect: causes neither to constrict when shining into affected side (CNII)
CN III: shine light into left eye, right eye messed up and won’t constrict
CN III paralysis
the dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort. Ptosis of the upper eyelid and lateral deviation of the eye are almost always present.
Horner syndrome
small pupil that reacts t light and near reaction but that does not dilate normally, interruption of the sympathetic nerve impulses.
tonic pupil (Adie’s pupil)
interruption of the parasympathetic nerve impulses. Unilateral larger pupil in bright light.
nystagmus
repetitive, rhythmic oscillations of one or both eyes in any field of gaze, initiated by a slow eye movement
strabismus
any deviation from perfect ocular alignment
phorias
latent deviation of the eyes held straight by binocular fusion, has to be provoked. Both eyes uncovered: normal. When you “break fusion” by rapidly moving an eye occlude over the affected eye and then uncover it, the affected quickly moves into correct position.
papilledema
optic disc swelling due to elevated intracranial pressure
soft exudates
cotton-wool patches. Result from infarct nerve fibers
tropia
fixed deviation
phoria
comes and goes, tendency for the eyes to drift out of alignment.