Lecture 2: eyes

Question 1

diplopia

Answer 1

double vision

Question 2

anisocoria

Answer 2

unequal pupil size. indicative ofdamage to the iris muscles or their innervation

Question 3

vision loss in the temporal half of vision in each eye

Answer 3

bitemporal hemianopsia, lesion of the optic chiasm

Question 4

consensual

Answer 4

constriction of the left eye when light is shined into the right

Question 5

lesions of the visual pathway

Answer 5

nerve, chiasm, tract and radiation

Question 6

left homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 6

lesion of the optic tract or radiation interrupts fibers originating on the same side of both eyes

Question 7

ptosis

Answer 7

drooping of the upper lid

Question 8

xanthelasma

Answer 8

slightly raised, yellowish, well circumscribd plaques that appear along the nasal portion of one/both eyelids

Question 9

chalazion

Answer 9

a subacute painless nodule caused by obstruction of a meibomian gland

Question 10

sty

Answer 10

painful, tender, red infection of a pilosebaceous gland of Mol at the margin of the eyelid.

Question 11

episcleritis

Answer 11

a localized ocular redness from inflammation of the episcleral vessels

Question 12

arcus senilis

Answer 12

a thing grayish white arc or circle not quite at the edge of the cornea

Question 13

dilated vs constricted pupil

Answer 13

mydriasis, miosis

Question 14

pupillary light reactions

Answer 14

normal: shine in 1 eye, other constricts (CNII)
marcus gunn/afferent pupillary defect: causes neither to constrict when shining into affected side (CNII)
CN III: shine light into left eye, right eye messed up and won’t constrict

Question 15

CN III paralysis

Answer 15

the dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort. Ptosis of the upper eyelid and lateral deviation of the eye are almost always present.

Question 16

Horner syndrome

Answer 16

small pupil that reacts t light and near reaction but that does not dilate normally, interruption of the sympathetic nerve impulses.

Question 17

tonic pupil (Adie’s pupil)

Answer 17

interruption of the parasympathetic nerve impulses. Unilateral larger pupil in bright light.

Question 18

nystagmus

Answer 18

repetitive, rhythmic oscillations of one or both eyes in any field of gaze, initiated by a slow eye movement

Question 19

strabismus

Answer 19

any deviation from perfect ocular alignment

Question 20

phorias

Answer 20

latent deviation of the eyes held straight by binocular fusion, has to be provoked. Both eyes uncovered: normal. When you “break fusion” by rapidly moving an eye occlude over the affected eye and then uncover it, the affected quickly moves into correct position.

Question 21

papilledema

Answer 21

optic disc swelling due to elevated intracranial pressure

Question 22

soft exudates

Answer 22

cotton-wool patches. Result from infarct nerve fibers

Question 23

tropia

Answer 23

fixed deviation

Question 24

phoria

Answer 24

comes and goes, tendency for the eyes to drift out of alignment.