Lecture 2- Exam 2 Flashcards
Released by cells in the small intestines after food ingestion and stimulate insulin secretion when the blood glucose is above the fasting level:
Incretin hormones (GLP-1 & GIP)
Cells in the small intestines release GLP-1 and GIP after food ingestion and:
stimulate insulin secretion the nthe blood glucose is avowal the fasting level
Absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic B cells:
insulin deficiency (Type 1DM)
Hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance (proceeds overt disease) + progressive loss of insulin secretion
Type 2 DM
Macrovascular complications of DM:
- Brain
- Heart
- Extremities (peripheral vascular disease)
Microvascular complications of DM:
- Eyes
- Kidney
- Nerves (peripheral & autonomic)
List the glycemic goals of a patient with diabetes:
- Less than 7.0% A1c
- 80-130mg/dL blood glucose (fasting)
- Less than 180 mg/dL blood glucose following meal
List three ultra-rapid/rapid-acting insulins:
- Insulin Lispro (Humalog, Amelog, Lyumjev)
- Insulin Aspart (Novolog & Fiasp)
- Insulin Glulisine (Apirda)
Category of insulin that is:
- Rx only
- Appearance = clear/colorless
- rDNA- human insulin analogs
Ultra-rapid/ Rapid-acting insulin
Category of insulin that is:
- Non-rx
- Appearance = clear/colorless
- rDNA- human insulin analogs
Short-acting (Regular) insulin
List two short-acting (regular) insulins:
- Humulin R
- Novolin R
Category of insulin that is:
- NPH- Neutral Protamine Hagedorn
- Non-Rx
- Appearance- cloudy
- rDNA- human isophane insulin suspension
Intermediate-acting (NPH) insulin
List two intermediate-acting (NPH) insulins:
- Humulin N
- Novolin N
Category of insulin that is:
- Rx only
- Appearance= clear/colorless
- rDNA- human insulin analogs
Long-acting insulin
(same as ultra-rapid/ rapid acting insulin)
List three long-acting insulins:
- Insulin Glargine (Lantus)
- Insulin Detemir (Levimir)
- Insulin Glargine (Toujeo)
