Lecture 2 - Esophagus Flashcards
____ GI disorders include irritable bowel syndrome and non-ulcer dyspepsia. they are due to altered ____. there (is or is not) structural or histologic abnormality
functional;
physiology;
is not
e.g. abnormal motility
esophagus:
upper part = ____ muscle.
lower part = ____ muscle.
what kind of epithelium
skeletal
smooth;
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
in _____ dysphagia, the bolus “hangs up” in the throat and is associated with cough or regurg.
oropharyngeal
esophageal dysphasia:
bolus hangs up _____;
with or without cough?
usually involves ____ muscle
substernally;
without;
smooth
dysphagia to…
solids indicates presence of _____ lesions;
solids and liquids suggests ____ problem
most common lab test?
obstructive;
motor;
endoscopy
intermittent dysphagia for solids or complete obstruction in a healthy patient suggests ____ _____ aka _____
esophageal ring, schatzki’s
_____ is severe substernal pain implying ____ or inflammation
odynophagia;
ulceration
3 things that can cause esophagitis in immunocomprimised patients
CMV, herpes, candida
progression of solid dysphagia to solids and liquid dysphagia suggests _____
cancer
the ____ test looks at acid perfusion of the esophagus. specific for ____
berstein;
reflux
mallory weiss tear:
usually occurs where?
seen in ___ and ____;
presents as _____ _____
gastroesophageal junction;
alcoholics, bulimics;
PAINFUL hematemesis
esophageal webs: due to protrusion of the ____;
most common benign esophageal tumor?
Mucosa;
leiomyoma
achlasia:
loss of ___Ganglionic ____ neurons;
high or low LES resting pressure?
increased or decreased peristalsis?
post, inhibitory;
HIGH;
decreased
achlasia:
dysphagia to _____;
“____” on barium swallow
solids AND liquids;
bird’s beak
_____ is characterized by a corkscrew appearance on barium swallow
diffuse esophageal spasm
sclerodermal esophagus:
high or low LES pressure?
esophageal smooth muscle ____
LOW;
atrophy –> decreased peristalsis
treatment of motility disorders:
_____ injection, but high relapse rrate.;
laproscopic ____ _____ is first line
botulism toxin;
heller myotomy
eosinophillic esophagitis:
associated with ____ disorders.
patients are usually young or old?
____ and linear ____ seen on endoscopy
atopic/allergic;
young;
rings, furrows
GERD:
3 risk factors
alcohol, obesity, tobacco
and caffeine
GERD:
associated with ____ if hits trachea;
______ if reaches teeth;
____ if reaches larynx
asthma;
damaged enamel;
hoarseness
Barrets:
metaplasia to what kind of epithelium?
assocaited with what kind of cancer
nonciliated columnar with goblet cells;
ADENOCARCINOMA
GERD:
most effective medication?
PPI ie omeprazole;
watch for rebound reflux if stop
esophageal cancer (squamous v adeno): affects upper 2/3 esophagus? affects lower 1/3? more common world wide? more common in the US/west?
squamous;
adenocarcinoma;
squamous;
adenocarcinoma
Chronic GERD, Barret’s and obesity all increase the risk for which kind of cancer?
esophageal adenocarcinoma
