Lecture 2 - energy Systems

Question 1

What is the ATP equation, how much energy is stored and what are the store limits.

Answer 1

ATP + H2O —> ADP + Pi and 7.3Kcals

2.4mmol/kg

Question 2

Describe the equation and location when phosphogen is the main energy pathway

Define a myokinase reaction

Answer 2

Occurs in the cytoplasm
ADP+PCr+H+ —> ATP+Cr

Myokinase reaction 2ADP ATP + AMP it allows for rapid energy production based off of ATP availability, by products ADP,AMP,Pi stimulate glycogen and glucose hydrolysis

Question 3

CHO main energy pathway see notes
What are the 2 purposes of glycolysis
What is the net gain for a glycogen and glucose molecule
PFK and TCA cycle notes

Answer 3

To generate ATP and produce private for oxidation within the mitochondria
2ATP for glucose and 3 ATP for glycogen

Question 4

Describe lipolysis

Answer 4

Triacylglycerol + HSL —> Diacylglycerol + FFA + H2O
Etc

Glycerol is taken to the liver to enter glycolysis
FFA either remain as FFA or bind to albumin and are transported to the muscle

Question 5

How we regulate HSL see notes

IMTG what are they

Answer 5

Triglycerides found near the mitochondria I’m the muscles

Question 6

What is beta oxidation

Answer 6

Occurs in the mitochondria and is involved in the removal of acetyl coa which is then entered into the TCA cycle
FAD is oxidised to FADH and joins to electron transport chain

Question 7

Define de-amination and see notes for sources of acetyl CoA

Answer 7

Removal of an amine group from an amino acid to subsequently for Ammonia

Question 8

What does longer exercise duration do to fat metabolism

How can substrate utilisation be modified and influenced

Answer 8

20mins 1:1 CHO metabolism at 40% VO2 max
90mins 1:3 Fat 40%

Influenced by duration and intensity

Modified by age gender diet training type environmental conditions

Question 9

Describe the Respiratory quotient and respiratory exchange ratio
What are the RQs for fat CHO and protein

Answer 9

RQ is the amount of CO2 produced compared to O2 consumed at the tissue
RER: amount of CO2 produced and O2 consumed at the lungs

RQ CHO 1 fat 0.7 protein 0.82

Question 10

What are 3 other assumptions of Indirect calorimetry

Answer 10

RER reflects RQ as both O2 and CO2 are based on oxidative processes
Other metabolic processes are negligible
Protein oxidation is minimal