Lecture 2. Early Development of the Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

A plastic (changeable) living organ that
continuously changes in response to your ongoing
experiences.

A

Brain

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2
Q

a single cell formed by the amalgamation of an ovum (an egg) and a sperm.

A

Zygote

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3
Q

Zygotes divides to form?

A

It divides to form two daughter calls; these two divides until a mature organism is
produced.

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4
Q

If the zygote only develops by the division to form daughter cells, we will end up into?

A

an amorphous mass of
homogeneous cells.

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5
Q

To save from the fate of being an amorphous mass of homogenous celss, what are three things must occur other than cell multiplication?

A

(1) cells must differentiate

(2) cells must make their way to
appropriate sites and align
themselves with the cells around
them to form particular structures

(3) cells must establish appropriate
functional relations with other cells

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6
Q

4 EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

A

Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent, and Unipotent

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7
Q

The cell has the ability to develop into any class of cell in the body (e.g neuron, bone, skin, or heart cells)

A

Totipotent

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8
Q

After cell division,
developing cells have the
ability to develop into
many, but not all,
classes of body cells

A

Pluripotent

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9
Q

As the embryo develops,
new cells become more
and more specialized,
and eventually the new
cells can develop into
different cells of only
one class (e.g., different
kinds of blood cells).

A

Multipotent

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10
Q

Can develop into only one type of cell (e.g., bipolar neurons)

A

Unipotent

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11
Q

Five Phases of Early Neurodevelopment

A
  1. induction of neural plate
  2. neural proliferation
  3. migration and aggregation
  4. axon growth and synapse formation
  5. neural death and synapse rearrangement
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12
Q

In this phase of early neurodevelopment, the tissue that is destined to develop into the human nervous system is recognizable as neural plate

A

Induction of the Neural Plate

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13
Q

A small patch of extodermal tissue on the dorsal surface of developing embryo

A

Neural Plate

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14
Q

The first major stage of Neurodevelopment in all vertebrates

A

Neural Plate

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15
Q

How the development of the neural plate works?

A

Is induced by chemical signals from an area of an underlying mesoderm layer - an area consequently referred as organizer

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16
Q

What happens to a growing neural plate?

A

a growing neural plate folds to form neural groove

the lips of the neural groove fuse to form neural tube

neural tube defects, which develop into severe birth defects in the CNS and result from errors in the folding process

the inside of the neural tube eventually becomes the cerebral ventricles and spinal canal

17
Q

By 40 days of the conception?

A

three swellings are visible at the anterior end of the human neural tube

18
Q

Neural Proliferation

A

once the lips of neural groove fused to create the neural tube, cells of the tube begin to proliferate or increase greatly in number

19
Q

How many cells are generated in neural proliferation?

A

Remarkably, cells are generated at a rate of more than 4 million per hour