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Ocular Pharmacology > Lecture 2 - DIagnostic Stains > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - DIagnostic Stains Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 important topical stains are used and provides low toxicity?

A

Fluorescein, Rose Bengal, and Lissamine Green

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2
Q

What are a few usages for stains?

A

Enhance contrast and view the the tissue.

Note: There is special affinity for ocular tissues and cells.

Note: Acidic and Basic - bound to irritate eye

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3
Q

What natural stain is found in psudeomonus?

A

Fluroescein

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4
Q

Where does fluroscein is ionized?

A

In the tears and absorb into the junctions of the cornea

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5
Q

True or False. The absorption is proportional to being absorbed in blood.

A

False. 493 nm absorbption on the cornea and 465 nm in the blood

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6
Q

Is the aqueous humor acid or basic?

A

Basic.

Seidel’s sign - fluorscein around the lesion will mark and let you know where the damage occurred.

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7
Q

What is a ratan filter?

A

It reduces the emission to 520 nm.

Make sure to put this in front of recieving lens

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8
Q

What is quenching?

A

atom or molecule, it can cause excited form into a ground state, without emitting the energy.

Thus giving you a false negative result

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9
Q

What drug is least quenching?

A

Anesthetics: BAC & Benoxinate, Proparacaine and the most being tetracaine

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10
Q

What gives you the false negative findings with the anaesthetics you know?

A

Tetracaine!!!!

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11
Q

When fluorescein is intiated, you notice a foreign body and you know there is siedel’s sign. What does this indicate?

A

Corneal abrasion

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12
Q

True or False. You must complete the evaluation of the anterior chamber before conducting the TBUT.

A

True.

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13
Q

What is punctate keratitis?

A

Ulcerated eye

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14
Q

If you have a pt. trying on RGP, what is good method while using a burton lamp?

A

Put wratten 47 fiter over the light source

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15
Q

What is Jones test?

A

Fluorescein has been administered and the pt. is asked to blow their nose and then observe the tissue.

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16
Q

When fluorescein is administered and an aneasthetic will cause _____ of IOP.

A

Underestimation

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17
Q

What is the method given for angiography and there %?

A

5 ml 10% or 3ml 25% IV or 0.5% PO

Note: IV will most likely give you an adverse reaction. This occurs in the anti-cuboidal artery

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18
Q

Pooling in the region of the macula, what does indicate?

A

Stargaardt’s disease and diabetic retinopathy

19
Q

What is auto fluroscein?

A

Camera technology that allows the result to be seen from the pts. own fluorescein

20
Q

What is the best type of fluorescein formulation for HMW(high molecular weight) topical?

A

Fluoresoft PF (perservative free) and Flura-Safe

21
Q

What is the shelf life for all topicals set in room temp.?

A

1 months

22
Q

What are 4 common adverse reactions for topicals of fluorescein?

A

Sting, Irritation, Redness and Dermatitis

Allergies: Asthma or Psoriasis

23
Q

Whats are 4 serious adverse reactions for topicals of fluorescein?

A

Corneal Hypersensitivity Epithelial Keratopathy, Corneal, Seizures and CNS depression

24
Q

What is the pregnancy category for fluorescein?

A

Cat. C

25
Q

What are 4 common adverse reactions for IV Fluorescein?

A

Nausea and Vomitting, Headacje, Tissue Necrosis and Cutaneous reaction

26
Q

What are 4 rare adverse reactions of fluorescein?

A

Allergy, Cardiac Failure, Vagal RXN, Conculsions, and shock

27
Q

What devitalized tissue does Rose Bengal light up?

A

Dead cells on the mucous surface

Ie. Goblet cells

28
Q

What type of light is Rose Bengal used?

A

White light or Red free (green filter)

Note: Rose Bengal is more irritating than fluorescein

29
Q

Why does Rose Bengal have a Mild Antiviral property?

A

It destroys the viral issue thus you cannot conduct a diagnostic test of the virus

30
Q

How is RBC hemolysis occur with Rose Bengal?

A

Due to the Photoreactive property of Rose Bengal, it will hemolysis the RBC, thus tissue being deprived of nourishment

31
Q

Would you give Rose Bengal to a pt.who is allergic to Iodine?

A

No.

32
Q

What are three type of health issues that can be detected by topical rose bengal?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)
Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)
Herpes Simplex / Zoster

33
Q

What are 2 types of health issues that can be detected by IV rose bengal?

A

Argon laser photocoagulation

Metastatic melanoma

34
Q

What is an adverse effects INDICATED by the manufacturer?

A

Pronounced irritant (burns)

35
Q

What does Lissamine Green stain?

A

Mucus or devitalized tissue

36
Q

How is LIssamine Green viewed?

A

Under white light or a Red filter

37
Q

What are 3 indications of LG?

A

KCS, Superior Limbic KC and Herpes Simplex/Zoster

38
Q

What are 3 secondary effects of LG?

A

Minimal irritation, Itch and Hypersensitivity (Rare)

39
Q

What is the method of Indocyanine green used?

A

Through IV

40
Q

What is the 1/2 life of ICG?

A

2 to 3 minutes

41
Q

What is the indication of ICG?

A

Volume and release of blood through the heart

42
Q

What are 3 adverse effects of ICG?

A

N&V, Sneezing, Anaphylaxis (rare)

43
Q

What are contraindicattions of ICG?

A

Iodine or Shellfish allergy

Accumlates in the ocean and fish can accumulate high numbers, this should NOT BE ADMINISTERED in both Rose Bengal or ICG.

Ocular Pharmacology (7 decks)

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