Lecture 2-Chem

Question 0

Describe and explain synthesis,decomposition, and exchange reactions

Answer 0

Synthesis-two or more compounds combining to make a whole

Decomposition- complex molecules breaking down into simpler once

Exchange Reactions- exchanges one or more ionic compounds

Question 1

Main elements of the human body

Answer 1

Oxygen
Carbon 
Nitrogen
Hydrogen 
Phosphorous

Question 2

What are buffers? What are some examples?

Answer 2

A buffer is a molecule that tends to either bind or release hydrogen ions in order to maintain a particular pH.
Our blood, for example, needs to maintain the pH of 7.4. (Carbonic Acid)

Question 3

What are the differences and similarities between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Answer 3

Dehydration- linking of covalent bond by kicking out the water molecule

Hydrolysis- gaining a water molecule to split the linking of covalent bonds

Question 4

The different general terms of monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Monomer of carbohydrates=monosaccharides

Polymer= disaccharide(two), oligosaccharide(three to nine), polysaccharide(long chains)

Question 5

Four levels of protein structure

Answer 5

1. Primary-amino acids sequence
2. Secondary-Spirals(alpha-helix)
   - Sheets(beta)
3. Tertiary-Reacts to is environment cause it to fold and compact
4. Quaternary-2 or more polypeptides

Question 6

DNA and RNA

Answer 6

DNA-
Double stranded, gives instructions for building proteins

RNA-
Single stranded,carries information from DNA to ribosomes

Question 7

How do enzymes function?

Answer 7

Enzymes are biological molecules that significantly speed up the rate of chemical reactions that take place within cells.

Question 8

Why is protein denaturation important?

Answer 8

It’s significant because once enzymes are denatured, their conformation is altered and the active site is no longer able to bind

Question 9

What are the typical causes of protein denaturation?

Answer 9

Intensity of Heat
Changes in PH levels
Hydrogen Bonding
Protonation