lecture 2 (chapter 9)

Question 1

four major characteristics needed for molecule to serve as genetic material

Answer 1

• replicate
• storage of information
• expression of information
• allow variation by mutation

Question 2

transcription

Answer 2

synthesis of RNA information in DNA

Question 3

translation

Answer 3

uses information in mRNA to synthesize proteins

Question 4

the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance is called a

Answer 4

gene

Question 5

genetic material

Answer 5

information contained in genes that gets passed on to new generations

Question 6

genetic material is the source of __ among organisms through the process of mutation

Answer 6

variation

Question 7

what is the main source of genetic variation

Answer 7

genes

Question 8

the griffith experiment proved that

Answer 8

heat-killed S cells transformed the DNA of living R cells –> turned R cells pathogenic and killed mouse

Question 9

the avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiement was proof that DNA is a biomolecule responsible for

Answer 9

heredity

Question 10

DNA =

Answer 10

phosphorus

Question 11

proteins =

Answer 11

sulfur

Question 12

transfection

Answer 12

process of infection by viral nucleic acid into bacterial cells

Question 13

DNA is composed of three parts:

Answer 13

ribose (5 carbon sugar)
phosphate group (attached to 5th carbon)
nitrogenous base

Question 14

there is always a base attached to

Answer 14

1’ carbon (up position)

Question 15

there is always a -OH group attached to

Answer 15

3’ carbon (down position)

Question 16

the phosphate group is always attached to the

Answer 16

5’ carbon

Question 17

pyrimidines

Answer 17

• cytosine
• thymine
• uracil (RNA)

Question 18

purines

Answer 18

• adenine (A)
• guanine (G)

Question 19

phosphodiester bonds

Answer 19

linkage between two mononucleotides (involves a phosphate group linked to two sugars)

Question 20

oligonucleotides

Answer 20

short chains consisting of around 20 nucleotides

Question 21

in any species the % of _ and _ bases are equal and the % of _ and _ bases are equal

Answer 21

A and T; C and G

Question 22

waston-crick model

Answer 22

DNA is a double helix
* paired nitrogenous bases
* has major and minor grooves

Question 23

A-T pairs form _ hydrogen bonds

Answer 23

2

Question 24

C-G pairs form _ hydrogen bonds

Answer 24

3

Question 25

is RNA only single stranded ?

Answer 25

no, can be both single or double

Question 26

three classes of RNAs

Answer 26

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

Question 27

rRNA function

Answer 27

ribsomal RNA
* structural components of ribosomes for protein synthesis during translation

Question 28

mRNA function

Answer 28

messenger RNA
* template for protein synthesis
* carry genetic information from gene to ribosome

Question 29

tRNA function

Answer 29

transfer RNA
* carry amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis