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LECOM EKG > lecture 2 (chapter 5) > Flashcards

lecture 2 (chapter 5) Flashcards

1
Q

describe sinus arrhythmia

A

normla, but extremely minimal, increase in heart rate during inspiration and an extremely minimal decrease in heart rate during expiration

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2
Q

atrial depolarization eventually reaches the AV node, but conduction of depolarization slows within the AV node, recording a ______ on EKG

A

pause

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3
Q

when the ventricular myocardium depolarizes, it produces a ____ on EKG

A

QRS complex

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4
Q

what is a wandering pacemaker

A

an irregular rhythm (normal rate range)

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5
Q

what a rhythm of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The heart rate is over 100 per minute with P waves of various shapes, since 3 or more atrial foci are involved

A

multifocal atrial tachycardia

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6
Q

what does atrial fibrillation result from

A

multiple irritable atrial foci, suffering from entrance block, pacing rapidly

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7
Q

when is an automaticity focus overdrive-suppressed

A

if it is regularly depolarized by a pacing rate fasting than its own inherent pacing rate

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8
Q

what syndrome occurs when there is pacing from a ventricular focus that is so slow that blood flow to the brain is significantly reduced to the point of unconsciousness

A

stokes-adams syndrome

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9
Q

what are the most sensitive O2 sensors

A

ventricular automaticity foci

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10
Q

a premature atrial beat may be unable to depolarize the AV node if it (the AV node) is not fully depolarized and still _______ to an extra stimulus

A

refractory

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11
Q

an irritable junctional automaticity focus may fire a premature stimulus coupled to the end of each normal (SA node paced) cycle to produce ________

A

junctional bigeminy

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12
Q

an irritable junctional focus may fire a stimulus after 2 consecutive, normal sinus-generated cycles. a repeating series of these couplets is ___________

A

junctional trigeminy

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13
Q

the most likely reason for a ventricular automaticity focus to become irritable is ________

A

hypoxia

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14
Q

a solitary ventricular focus suffering from entrance block is ________

A

parasystolic

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15
Q

what is the rate range for paroxysmal tachycardia

A

150 to 250

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16
Q

what is the rate range for flutter

A

250 to 350

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17
Q

what is the rate range for fibrillation

A

350 to 450

18
Q

what does paroxysmal mean

A

sudden

19
Q

sudden runs of ventricular tachycardia resemble a rapid series of_____

A

PVCs

20
Q

paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia often indicates ______

A

coronary insufficiency

21
Q

the accessory __________ causes ventricular pre-excitation in wolfs-parkinson-white syndrome

A

bundle of kent

22
Q

the delta wave records the ___________

A

depolarization of an area of ventricular pre-excitation

23
Q

what is the ability of specialized cells to spontaneously generate electrical impulses which may then spread throughout surrounding tissue

A

automaticity

24
Q

what is the rate for atrial foci

A

60-80 per minute

25
Q

what is the rate for junctional (AV nodal) foci

A

40-60 per minute

26
Q

what is the rate for ventricular foci

A

20-40 per minute

27
Q

what term describes the content that the pacemaker with the fastest rate is the dominant pacemaker

A

overdrive suppression

28
Q

describe the P wave in a sinus rhythm

A

positive in lead 2 and negative in lead aVR

29
Q

what is the EKG criteria for a normal sinus rhythm

A

sinus rhythm with a heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute

30
Q

what is the EKG criteria for sinus arrhythmia

A

same criteria as sinus rhythm and there is a greater than 0.16 sec difference between the shortest and the longest PP intervals within the same EKG tracing

31
Q

what is the most common cause of sinus arrhythmias

A

respiration

32
Q

what is the key to determining the origin of a completely inverted P wave in lead 2

A

length of the PR interval (provided that there is no AV nodal dysfunction)

33
Q

describe bigeminy

A

every other beat is premature

34
Q

describe trigeminy

A

every 3rd beat is premature

35
Q

what is enhanced automaticity due to

A

irritability

36
Q

describe torsades de pointes

A

polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) which is preceded by marked prolongation of the QT interval

37
Q

what is tornadoes de points facilitated by

A

marked QT prolongation

38
Q

what is the most common mechanism of tachyarrhythmias

A

reentry (disorder of impulse propagation)

39
Q

what does reciprocating tachycardia result from

A

unidirectional block followed by re-entry

40
Q

what are the main criteria for wandering pacemaker

A

irregular rhythm: P wave shape varies, atrial rate less than 100, irregular ventricular rhythm

41
Q

what is the main criteria for multifocal atrial tachycardia

A

irregular rhythm: P wave shape varies, atrial rate exceeds 100, irregular ventricular rhythm

LECOM EKG (3 decks)

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