lecture 2 ch 19

Question 1

Describe the three layers of a vessel: tunica intima/interna, tunica media, and tunica externa/adventitia.

Answer 1

Tunica Interna on a vein is smaller than on an artery, tunica media on an artery is bigger than on a vein, and tunica externa is bigger on a vein than on an artery

Question 2

What primary tissue is each layer made of?

Answer 2

Tunica externa-smooth muscle, Tunica Media- elastic fiber, Tunica Interna- simple squamous Endothelium

Question 3

Which layer requires vaso vasorum and why?

Answer 3

Tunica Externa because it needs protection from rupturing due to external forces.

Question 4

Direction of blood flow

Answer 4

Arteries carry blood away from the heart veins carry blood to the heart

Question 5

Tissue layers present and relative thicknesses for each vessel types How is this related to function of vessel?

Answer 5

Tunica media is thicker on veins and veins are also smooth while Arteries are rough

Question 6

Special features such as valves, single layer of cells, which layers are present, etc.
How is this related to function of vessel?

Answer 6

Arteries do not have valves while veins do because veins bring blood back to the heart.

Question 7

Describe the three types of arteries

Answer 7

distributing: Brain, Head, Face, Neck Resistance: Heart alters resistance small narrow arteries Elastic: Throughout body maintains pressure

Question 8

Describe the three types of capillaries.

Answer 8

Continuous- Not gap(valves) bodily tissues fenestrated-(valves) kidneys, endocrine glands, pancreas sinusoidal-proteins, blood flow is large liver, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 9

How do systemic veins function as a blood reservoir/capacitance vessels?

Answer 9

Because of their ability to expand and store a high volume of blood

Question 10

Why do veins have valves – where are those veins found in the body?

Answer 10

veins carry blood back to the heart so to prevent back flow they have valves. These valves are found on the limbs or the farthest parts away from the heart

Question 11

What is a venous sinus and where are they found?

Answer 11

the venous sinus is the collection of veins in the cranial cavity between the dura mater

Question 12

Explain the relationship between blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Answer 12

Blood vessels circulate oxygen throughout the body while the lymphatic system drains waste form tissues it also moves WBCs

Question 13

Lymph vessels resemble veins – how are they alike?

Answer 13

Lymph vessels have valves and they are low pressure

Question 14

How and why does blood pressure change with vessel size and distance from the heart?

Answer 14

The longer the vessel the thinner it gets as It goes away from the heart as the vessel gets thinner resistance increases and blood flow decreases

Question 15

Be able to explain why pressure decreases from elastic arteries to capillaries to large veins at heart

Answer 15

The pumping of the ventricles (Ventricular Contraction) causes blood to flow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Question 16

Identify/describe the two factors that determine arterial blood pressure

Answer 16

Arterial pressure is determined by the kidney Excess fluid causes the pressure to rise low fluid causes the pressure to drop the what determines it is the volume of renal output and the amount of salt and water in
the system

Question 17

Define systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Answer 17

systolic is going back to the heart =contraction diastolic=relaxation

Question 18

What are Korotkoff sounds, and what are normal levels for systolic and diastolic blood pressures?

Answer 18

What are the dangers of high BP and low BP -Korotkoff Sounds are the sounds you listen for when taking blood pressure. Normal pressures are- Systolic: 120 mm Hg, Diastolic: 80 mm Hg. Dangers of High and low BP: High BP can cause heart disease strokes and fatal consequences Low BP can cut off blood supply to organs leading to shock this can be caused by blood loss.

Question 19

What factors (5) contribute to venous return?

Answer 19

inspiration, increased total blood volume, increased venomotor tone, the cardiac suction effect, the presence of venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump

Question 20

Hydrostatic pressures

Answer 20

Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc) – 35 mmHg (arteriole) or 17 mmHg (venule)
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Hpif) – 0 mmHg

Question 21

Colloid osmotic pressures

Answer 21

Capillary colloid osmotic pressure (OPc) – 26 mmHg
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (OPif) – 1 mmHg

Question 22

identify which pressures “push” fluid and which pressures “pull” fluids during capillary exchange

Answer 22

Hydrostatic: Push Osmotic:Pull

Question 23

Identify where filtration and reabsorption occur in a capillary

Answer 23

Near the arterial end of the capillary

Question 24

Calculate Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

Answer 24

NFP = (HPc + OPif) – (HPif + OPc)

Question 25

What are potential causes of edema?

Answer 25

diseases/damage associated with your blood or organs that are associated with blood (heart, liver, Kidney, Vessels etc.)