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IBS514 Module 1 > Lecture 2: Cellular Organelles > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Cellular Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

All cells have (4)

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm/cytosol
chromosomes
ribosomes

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2
Q

4 ways eukaryotic cells are different than prokaryotic

A

nucleus
more organelles/organized
more cytoskeleton
larger

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3
Q

Organelle

A

membrane bound structure w specific organization and function

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4
Q

5 parts of nucleus

A 
double membrane
nuclear
nucleolus
chromosomes
pores
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5
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + protein

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6
Q

Function of nucleolus

A

ribosome production

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7
Q

2 functions of nuclear pore complex

A

Let things in: transcription factors

Let things out: mRNA

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8
Q

5 layers btw nucleus and cytosol

A
  1. nuclear lamina
  2. inner membrane
  3. nuclear envelope
  4. outer membrane
  5. rough ER
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9
Q

2 types of ribosomes and protein destinations

A

Free: cytosol or organelles
Bound: membrane or secretion

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10
Q

3 steps between RNA and cytosol

A

nuclear pore
cytoplasm
free ribosome

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11
Q

4 stops between RNA and membrane

A

rough er
vesicle
golgi
vesicle

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12
Q

Responsible for co-translational transport

A

Signal sequence: 16-20 hydrophobic amino acids

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13
Q

4 steps of protein synthesis for membrane

A

ribosome makes signal sequence
signal binds SRP target protein
SRP binds to receptors on ER
protein synthesized into ER lumen

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14
Q

Secretory pathway steps (5)

A 
protein synthesized in ER
vesicle to cis face golgi
through golgi cisternae
trans face golgi
vesicle
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15
Q

3 times proteins are modified

A

co-translational transport
glycosylation - carbs
acylation - acyl group

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16
Q

4 sorting steps of golgi

A

proteins tagged
sorted by tags
bound to membrane receptors
vesicles bud

17
Q

Secretory protein synthesis. 4 steps

A
  1. Ribosome binds to signal peptide on ER
  2. Synthesis starts with NH2
  3. NH2 binds to COOH on signal peptide
  4. Synthesis ends and it’s cleaved into ER lumen
18
Q

Transmembrane protein synthesis

A
  1. Ribosome binds to signal peptide on ER
  2. Synthesis starts with NH2
  3. NH2 binds to COOH on signal peptide
  4. Ribosome synthesizes “stop transfer” peptide
  5. Stop transfer stays imbedded in membrane
19
Q

Transmembrane proteins, which end is where

A

NH2 end is in lumen

COOH end is in cytoplasm

20
Q

Most membrane sugars are where

A

On the outside

21
Q

Most membrane lipids are where

A

On the inside

22
Q

How do many proteins stay in membrane

A

Lipid anchor

23
Q

2 functions of smooth ER

A
  1. Lipid synthesis

2. Some store calcium

24
Q

Peroxisomes create what and break it down with what

A

hydrogen peroxide

catalase

25
Q

Peroxisomes use what for what kind of rxns

A

Enzymes

Oxidative

26
Q

2 things peroxisomes break down

A

Fatty acids

Toxic molecules

27
Q

Proteasome complex targets what

A

Targets protein tagged with ubiquitin

28
Q

Proteasome works how

A

Cleaves peptide bonds
Degrades protein
Uses Enzymes

29
Q

How do lysosomes work

A

Pump H+ in

pH is around 5.0

30
Q

2 things lysosomes break down

A

Old organelles

Macromolecules

31
Q

5 steps of phagocytosis

A
  1. detection
  2. phagosome formation
  3. fusion with lysosome
  4. digestion
  5. particles released into cytosol
32
Q

What protein forms vesicles

A

Clathrin

33
Q

What forms lysosomes

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

34
Q

5 steps of lysosome formation

A
  1. surface receptors detect macromolecules
  2. early endosome forms
  3. H+ pumped in for processing
  4. Golgi sends vesicle of digestive enzymes
  5. Late endosome matures into lysosome
35
Q

What is lysosome digestion of organelle called

A

autophagy

36
Q

Folds in inner mitochondrial membrane called

A

cisternae

IBS514 Module 1 (4 decks)

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