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Immuno Exam 1 > Lecture 2: Cells and Tissues of the Adaptive Immune System > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Cells and Tissues of the Adaptive Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Two major types of lymphocyes

A

B cells

T cells

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2
Q

What is critical for development of specific immunity

A

Interactions between T-cells and B-cells, and between T-cells and APCs

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3
Q

T cells develop and mature where

A

Thymus

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4
Q

What gives rise to cellular immunity

A

When a mature T-cell is Ag stimulated, it gives rise to cellular immunity

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5
Q

B-cells develop and mature where, and give rise to what

A

Develop and mature in the bone marrow and give rise to humoral immunity

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6
Q

Humoral adaptive immunity mediated by

A

Abs in the blood produced by B cells

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7
Q

What is the principal defense mechanism against extracellular microbes and their toxins?

A

Humoral adaptive immunity

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8
Q

Cellular immunity is controlled by

A

Responses of T-cells which function in concert with Ag-presenting cells and phagocytes

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9
Q

Cellular mediated immunity defends against

A

Intracellular microbes, such as viruses and some bacteria, which are inaccessible to circulating Abs

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10
Q

Function of CMI

A

Killing of infected host cells cell eliminate reservoirs of infecion

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11
Q

Helper T cells help how

A

Help B-cells to make effective Abs

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12
Q

Humoral immunity overview

A

B lymphocytes secrete Abs that prevent infection and eliminate extracellular microbes

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13
Q

CMI overview

A

Helper T cells activate macrophages to kill phagocytized microbes, or activate cytotoxic T cells to directly destroy infected cell

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14
Q

What cell responds to a macrophage with phagocytosed microbes

A

Helper T lymphocytes

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15
Q

What cell responds to a cell with intracellular microbes (e.g. a virus)

A

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

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16
Q

What responds to extracellular microbes

A

B lymphocytes

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17
Q

Clonal expansion

A

Increases the number of Ag-specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes
Ag-specific clones of lymphocytes develop before and independent of exposure to Ag

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18
Q

Clonal expansion lymphocyte-Ag interaction

A

When Ag is introduced in individual, lymphocytes with receptors for that Ag bind it and are triggered to proliferate and differentiate into clones of cells specific for that Ag

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19
Q

Memory cells vs Naive lymphocytes

A

Memory cells are more numerous and respond faster and more effectively- generation of memory responses is an important goal of vaccination

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20
Q

Active immunity specificity and/or memory?

A

Yes to both

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21
Q

Passive immunity specificity and/or memory?

A

Yes specificity, no memory

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22
Q

Passive immunity

A

Adoptive transfer of antibodies or t lymphocytes specific for microbe

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23
Q

What generates immunologic memory

A

Only active immune responses

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24
Q

B-lymphocytes

A

Recognize soluble Ags and develop into Ab-secreting cells

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25
Q

T helper lymphocytes

A

Recognizes Ags on the surfaces of Ag-presenting cells and secrete cytokines, which stimulate mechanisms of immunity and inflammation (activate macrophages, t/b lymphocytes, inflammation)

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26
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A

Recognize Ags on infected cells and kill them

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27
Q

Regulatory T cells

A

Suppress and prevent immune respones (e.g., to self antigens)

28
Q

Primary lymph organs

A

Thymus and Bone marrow

29
Q

Secondary lymph organs

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

30
Q

Ag-specific receptors located

A

On surface of T and B cells. They are the same on a single cell but vary from cell to cell

31
Q

Most T-cells produced when and why

A

Early in life because thymus is large and then becomes smaller and replaced by fat and CT later

32
Q

What plays important role in T cell developement

A

Cytokines

33
Q

T-cells make contact with epithelial cells, DCs, and macrophages where

A

In the thymus

34
Q

Generation of naive lymphocytes

A

Pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow migrate to thymus to develop

35
Q

Helper T cells express what and provide

A

CD4 and provide help for B-cell growth/differentiation

36
Q

Cytotoxic T cells express and do what

A

CD8 and recognized and kill virus infected cells

37
Q

Functionally mature T cells migrate where

A

To secondary lymphoid tissues to mediate protection

38
Q

Bone marrow produces

A

WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

39
Q

Bone marrow color at ages

A

Birth- all red
Puberty-starts converting to yellow
Adults- half red half yellow

40
Q

Differentiation of B cells occurs where in fetus and adult

A

Fetus- liver

Adult- bone marrow

41
Q

Development of B cells involves contact with

A

Stromal cells and cytokines

42
Q

Lifetime production site of B cells is

A

Bone marrow

43
Q

Where are lymphocytes NOT found

A

Eye, Brain, Testicles

44
Q

Lymphocytes enter secondary lymph organs through

A

High endothelial venules HEVs

45
Q

Diapedesis

A

Method by which lymphocytes migrate from blood into the tissue in response to cytokines

46
Q

How do lymphocytes re-enter the circulation

A

Efferent lymph vessels

47
Q

Activation of B cells

A

Naive B cells migrate to secondary lymph tissues where they look for and respond to soluble foreign Ags

48
Q

Activated B cells do what

A

Proliferate and mature into memory cells or plasma cells

49
Q

Plasma cells are

A

Terminally differentiated B cell which produce and secrete Abs

50
Q

Spleen white pulp

A

Made up of T cell and B cells

51
Q

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath composed of

A

T cells

52
Q

Lymphoid follicle composed of

A

B cells

53
Q

T-cell activation

A

Naive T cells travel to secondary lymph organs and are activated by Ags
Then differentiate into effector or memory T cells
Some effector/memory t cells migrate back into peripheral sites of infection
Some stay in the lymph nodes and help Ag-activated B cells to become “an Ab factory”

54
Q

Dendritic cells enter the lymph node through what and migrate where

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels and migrate to T cell rich areas

55
Q

Another name for secondary lymph follicle

A

Germinal center- occurs after Ag stimulation

56
Q

Professional Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include

A

Dendritic cells
Tissue macrophages
B cells

57
Q

T or false- B cells require and APC

A

False, T cells require APCs

58
Q

What activates naive T cells in the Lymph nodes

A

Only dendritic cells can do this

59
Q

Macrophages and B cells can present Ags to

A

Activated T cells but not naive T cells

60
Q

Cellular link b/w innate and adaptive immunity

A

DCs and macrophages are innate cells and therefor provide a link between the two immunity types

61
Q

DCs are from what lineage

A

Myeloid lineage

62
Q

myeloid DCs are derived from

A

Monocytes

63
Q

Classical DCs, pDCs and Langerhans cells develop from

A

Directly from stem cells

64
Q

How do DCs aquire Ags

A

Receptor mediate endocytosis/pinocytosis

65
Q

Activated DCs secrete

A

Cytokines

66
Q

Classical DCs reside where and migrate where

A

Skin, mucosa, organ parenchyma.

Migrate to LNs where they display Ags to T cells

67
Q

Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) function

A

Early cellular responders to viral infection

Recognize nucleic acid of intracellular viruses and produce soluble interferons (IFN-a/b)

Immuno Exam 1 (17 decks)

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