Lecture 2: Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
discovered cells/coined the term cells
robert hooke
proposed that
all organisms exist as either single cells or aggregates of cells
Theodor Schwann
true bacteria is also called as ___-
eubacteria
list the three great classes of organisms
bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic.
true or false: archaea
are always unicellular
true
true or false; eukaryotes are multicellular
false; may be uni or multicellular
current classification of organisms is based on
____
biochemical analysis,
organisms were originally classified based on ____
morphological
or structural criteria,
____are surrounded by a plasma membrane and usually
by a rigid outer cell wall as well.
Prokaryotic cells
within the membrane of Prokaryotic cells is the ____ which contains ____
cytoplasm,, cytosol
what is a cytosol
a semiliquid concentrated solution
or gel—and the structures suspended within
the genetic information
is in the form of
____
that exist free in the cytosol in prokaryotes
one or more DNA molecules
what are ribosomes
it is the site of protein synthesis
what is the function of pili? where is it located?
aid in attaching the organism to other cells or surfaces,,, surface of a prokaryotic cell
what is the function of flagella
enables prokaryotes to swim
in prokaryotes, the DNA molecule in prokaryotes is coiled in ____
nucleoid
_____ include the multicellular plants and animals, as well as
the unicellular and simple multicellular organisms called protozoans,
fungi, and algae
Eukaryotes
in eukaryotes, specialized functions are carried out in
___
organelles
___ are membrane-surrounded structures lying within the surrounding
cytoplasm.
organelles
_____ specialize in oxidative metabolism
mitochondria,
_____, a folded membrane structure rich in ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
____membrane-
bound chambers that function in secretion and the transport of
newly synthesized proteins to their destination
Golgi complex,
in eukaryotes the ___ contains the cell’s genetic information
nucleus
the DNA in eukaryotes is packaged into ___
chromosomes
the DNA is subpackaged in the dense region in nucleus called ___
nucleolus
Surrounding the nucleus is a ___
nuclear envelope
animal cells contain digestive bodies called _____, that is not found in plants
lysosomes
Plant cells have ___-,
the sites of photosynthesis
chloroplasts
plants have large, waterfilled
___, whose functions
may include intracellular secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion
vacuole
most animal cells are surrounded only
by a ___
plasma membrane
plant cells often have a tough ____
cell wall
