Lecture 2 - biomolecules

Question 1

biochemistry

Answer 1

study of the compounds and reactions of living systems

Question 2

what are the four kinds of macromolecules?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates –> polymer
Lipids –> not polymer
Proteins –> polymer
Nucleic acids –> polymer

Question 3

polymer

Answer 3

identical molecules (monomers) linked together to form chain (polymer)

Question 4

proteins

Answer 4

functions unit of life

• composed of amino acids formed from C,H,O, N
• different shapes and sizes
• react c/ molecules that fit its feature (enzymes, antibodies)

Question 5

amino acids

Answer 5

20 different made from C

Question 6

protein native state

Answer 6

functional three-dimensional for of a protein

Question 7

denatured protein

Answer 7

disruption of native state

• kills pathogens
• accomplished with chemicals (bleach, iodine, and heat

Question 8

how does our body digest proteins

Answer 8

by denturing them with enzymes.

If we cook food we are denaturing them already therefore easier for us to digest

Question 9

what are Lipids

Answer 9

composed of many C-H and some O

-non polar and hydrophobic

Question 10

what are the three biologically important lipids?

Answer 10

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols

Question 11

Saturated Fats

Answer 11

• 2 carbons per hydrogen
• solid at room temp
• animal products

Question 12

what is the difference btw saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 12

number of bonds between carbons

Question 13

Unsaturated fats

Answer 13

1 carbon per hydrogen therefore carbon is double bonded (harder to break)

• liquid at room temp
• oils

-Trans Fat –> orientation around double bond (/\/\//\/\/\/\ - trans; /\/_/\/- cis)

Question 14

carbohydrates

Answer 14

composed of C, H, O

• can be rings: glucose, Ribose)
• monosaccharides - 1 ring (glucose)
• disaccharides - 2 rings (lactose, sucrose)
• polysaccharides - 2 or more

Question 15

polysaccharide functions

Answer 15

-structure and support (cell walls in plants and algae made from cellulose), protection, nutrient and energy stores

Question 16

cellulose

Answer 16

• most abundant organic compound on earth
• cotton = cellulose (need enzyme (bacteria) to break it down so it is water soluble)
• fiber in diet

Question 17

what i the genetic age

Answer 17

development in technologies to sequence and analyze DNA

Question 18

what is genetic sequencing useful for?

Answer 18

• Medicine
• Human evolution
• Diversity of life
• Organism function in the environment
• diagnostics –> identifying disease causing agents, cancer genes

Question 19

how does DNA become proteins?

Answer 19

DNA transfers information to RNA (TRANSCRIPTION)

RNA convers info into amino acid sequence which codes for protein (TRANSLATION)

Question 20

What are DNA and RNA composed of?

Answer 20

nucleotides : C,H,O,N,P
- nucleotide is made of nitrogen base, pentose sugar, and phosphate.

• DNA “DEOXYribose” = H in place of OH
• RNA “ribose” = extra OH on sugar ring