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Principles of Psych Assessment > Lecture 2 - Applied clinical psychometrics > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Applied clinical psychometrics Flashcards

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1
Q

If a distribution is Gaussian, it means it is…

A) A normal distribution

B) A skewed distribution

A

A) A normal distribution

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2
Q

True or false, when scores fall along a Gaussian distribution, it means there is a simple correspondence between standard deviations and percentiles.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

True or false, IQ tests are an example of a test that produces a non-Gaussian distribution

A

FALSE

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4
Q

True or false, it is important to remember that functions cannot be “impaired”. Only scores can be impaired.

A

FALSE

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5
Q

True or false, all tests suffer from the problem of multiple determination.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Name the three levels of sequential inference involved in clinico-psychometric assessments.

ETS - PS - UDC

A
  1. Elevated test scores
  2. Psychological syndromes
  3. Underlying disorders or causes
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7
Q

In this lecture, we learned about two main types of scales that are used in psychometrics. What were they?

RS - PS

A
  1. Rating scales
  2. Performance scales
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8
Q

True or false, RATING SCALES are typically Likert style that represent symptom severity, frequency etc

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Is the DASS-21 an example of a rating scale or a performance scale?

A

A rating scale

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10
Q

True or false, PERFORMANCE SCALES typically measure an ability or skill

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Is the WMS an example of a rating scale or a performance scale?

A

A performance scale

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12
Q

Of performance scales and rating scales, which scores typically have a “real world meaning”

A

Performance scales

(Note there are exceptions to this, but I doubt they are material to our exam)

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13
Q

In this lecture, we learned about three types of performance scales. What were they?

S - A - F

A
  1. Skill scales
  2. Ability scales
  3. Function scales
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14
Q

What type of performance scale would be used to assess things like reading, spelling, or playing the piano?

(Skill, ability, or function)

A

A skill scale

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15
Q

What type of performance scale would be used to assess things like visuospatial function, processing speed, working memory?

(Skill, ability, or function)

A

An ability test

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16
Q

Do ABILITIES (in the psychometric sense) typically have Gaussian or non-gaussian distributions?

(e.g., IQ)

A

Gaussian

17
Q

What type of performance scale would be used to assess things like being able to move your mouth to produce sound, or sensation on your skin?

A

A function test

18
Q

Do FUNCTIONS (in the psychometric sense) typically have Gaussian or non-gaussian distributions?

(e.g., having sensation on both sides of your face)

A

Non-Gaussian

19
Q

In this lecture, we learned about THREE clinical considerations when assessing any sort of test score. What were they?

NA - MD - PS

A
  1. Normative analysis
  2. Multiple determination
  3. Pathognomonic status
20
Q

The Z score MEAN is always 0. What is the equivalent T score, Index score, and Scale score?

A

T score = 50

Index score = 100

Scale score = 10

21
Q

For Z scores, the SD is always 1. What is the SD value for T scores, Index scores, and Scale scores?

A

T score = 10

Index score = 15

Scale score = 3

22
Q

For a Z score of -2, what is the equivalent T score, Index score and Scale score… and percentile?

A

T score = 30

Index score = 70

Scale score = 4

Percentile = 2nd

23
Q

For a Z score of 1, what is the equivalent T score, Index score and Scale score… and percentile?

A

T score = 60

Index score = 115

Scale score = 13

Percentile = 84th

24
Q

What is the percentile that corresponds to a Z score of 3?

A

99.87th

25
Q

Are measures of psychopathology typically Gaussian or non-Gaussian, and what does this mean for interpreting scores in SD terms?

A

Psychopathology is typically non-Guassian

This means we should interpret SDs differently, because being 1 SD above the mean is a sign of much greater elevation, relative to norms, than it would be for an IQ test (for example).

26
Q

What is the SD for a T score?

A

T Score SD = 10

27
Q

What is the SD for a Scale score?

A

Scale score SD = 3

28
Q

What are you comparing when conducting an ipsative analysis?

A

You’re comparing different scores of the same patient

(i.e., what is elevated vs not elevated)

29
Q

True or false, test score label descriptors should be based on pathology, not the frequency or commonality of performance.

A

FALSE

Descriptors should be based on the frequency or commonality of performance.

30
Q

The AACN recommend SEVEN labels to describe scores on Gaussian-distributed tests, ranging from “Exceptionally low score” to “Exceptionally high score”. What are the intervening FIVE labels

A

(1. Exceptionally high score)

  1. Above average score
  2. High average score
  3. Average score
  4. Low average score
  5. Below average score

(7. Exceptionally low score)

31
Q

The AACN recommend FOUR labels to describe scores on NON-Gaussian-distributed tests, what are they?

(Bonus point for knowing the associated percentiles)

A
  1. Within normal limits score (> 24th percentile)
  2. Low average score (9-24th percentile)
  3. Below average score (2-8th percentile)
  4. Exceptionally low score (<2th percentile)
32
Q

What two properties of a person does Charles use to demonstrate the dangers of summing scores?

A

Height and weight

(Height and weight correlate, but we wouldn’t sum them together to produce a meaningful score)

33
Q

In what situations is professional/clinical judgement preferable to actuarial judgment?

A

Diagnoses and the related acts of reverse inference

34
Q

In what situations is actuarial judgment preferable to professional/clinical judgement?

A

Prediction about the future (I think this is right but I’m not 100% sure)

Principles of Psych Assessment (10 decks)

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