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Parasitology > Lecture 2 and handout > Flashcards

Lecture 2 and handout Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes has three classes:

A

Trematoda (flukes), Eucestoda (true tapeworms), and Cotyloda (pseudotapeworms)

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2
Q

Nematoda are…

A

roundworms

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3
Q

Nematomorpha are…

A

horse-hair worms

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4
Q

Ancathocephala are…

A

“thorny-headed worms” or “spiny-headed worms”

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5
Q

Class Trematoda is subdivided into two subclasses:

A

Monogenea (monogenetic trematodes) and Digenea (digenetic trematodes)

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6
Q

Monogenetic trematodes…

A

do not occur in domestic animals! They are found in aquatic environments.

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7
Q

Digenetic trematodes…

A

have more than one intermediate hosts which is usually a snail.

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8
Q

The anterior feeding sucker of digenetic flukes is called…

A

the oral sucker

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9
Q

The ventral attachment sucker is the…

A

acetabulum “vinegar cup”

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10
Q

Flukes dispose of waste via

A

“fluke puke”; the excrete the waste out of their oral cavities.

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11
Q

Digenetic flukes have both…

A

male and female sex organs (hermaphroditic)

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12
Q

How many developmental stages are in a fluke? (list them in order)

A

Operculated egg–meracidium–sporocyst–redia–cercaria–metacercaria–adult fluke (7)

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13
Q

At which stage does the digenetic fluke enter its first intermediate host?

A

miracidium

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14
Q

The meracidium emerges from the…

A

operculum

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15
Q

Which two stages of life development occur entirely within the snail?

A

sporocyst and rediae

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16
Q

The three paths that the cercariae can take after escaping the snail include:

A
  1. they may penetrate or be ingested by the second intermediate hose
  2. they may encyst upon vegetation
  3. they may penetrate the definitive host directly
17
Q

What is the scientific name of the “lancet fluke” of ruminants?

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum (underline since its a scientific name)

18
Q

Using two different intermediate hosts, describe the life cycle of the lancet fluke.

A

Snail (first intermediate host) consumes the fluke egg and coughs out cercariae (fluke undergoes the sporocyst stage within snail). The “slime ball” is then eating by an ant; the metacercariae emerge and affect the ant so that it latches onto a grassblade with its mandibles when environmental temperatures fall (usually night). The ant/grassblade/metcercaria is then consumed by the sheep in early morning hours, and the juvenile fluke enters the bile duct and grows into an adult.

19
Q

What pathogenetic effects do Dicrocoelium dendriticum cause?

A

Primarily, they block the bile duct, but they also consume solid tissue within the body.

20
Q

List 6 morphological traits of digenetic flukes.

A
  1. Dorsoventrally flat
  2. Smooth or spiny tegument
  3. Organs of attachment (oral for feeding and ventral for attachment)
  4. Digestive system
  5. Excretory system/nervous system
  6. Complex reproductive system
21
Q

How are Dicrocoelium dentriticum diagnosed?

A

Operculated eggs on fecal floatation procedures

22
Q

List four ways to control Dicrocoelium dentriticum.

A
  1. Treat infected animals
  2. Use poultry to control the population of land snails
  3. Disrupt ant nests in pastures.
  4. Selective grazing of animals; do not turn out sheep in the early morning hours to graze.
23
Q

What is the scientific name for the “lizard poisoning fluke”?

A

Platynosomum fastosum

24
Q

Where does the lizard poisoning fluke live in its host, and what is its host?

A

It occurs in the liver and bile ducts of cats in southeastern states.

25
Q

What is the difference morphologically between the lizard poisoning fluke and the lancet fluke?

A

The lizard poisoning fluke has testes that are horizontal rather than in a tandem configuration.

26
Q

What are the intermediate hosts of the Platynosomum fastosum?

A

1st intermediate host: land snail

2nd intermediate host: lizard

27
Q

Pathogenicity of the lizard poisoning fluke include:

A

inappetence due to hepatic disfunction. The bile ducts may be dilated and the duct epithelium desquamated.

28
Q

How is the lizard poisoning fluke diagnosed?

A

fecal floatation

29
Q

What is the genus of the land snail and the ant?

A

Cionella (land snail) and Formica (ant)

30
Q

The miracidium leave the operculated via the…

A

operculum

31
Q

Within the sporocyst, the germinal cells multiply and become…

A

Rediae

32
Q

On the inside of each redia, many ? will develop.

A

cercariae

33
Q

When does NO metacercaria stage occur?

A

When the cercariae enter the definitive host directly.

34
Q

What is the habitat of the lancet fluke, also known as _____?

A

Bile ducts

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Parasitology (15 decks)

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