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Physics 2 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Diagnostic ultrasound systems are ______ systems

A

Pulse echo

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2
Q

Diagnostic ultrasound systems determines

A

Echo strength and location of echo generating sites

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3
Q

Echo strencth is shown by

A

Brightness

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4
Q

Location of object is determined by

A

Arrival time and direction of returning echoes

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5
Q

The ultrasound instrument consists of 4 main section s

A

Beam former
Signal processor
Image processor
Display

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6
Q

What is the beam former

A

Where it all begins

Works with the transducer

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7
Q

Are we working with sound or voltage at the beam former

A

Voltage

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8
Q

Instruments of beam former

A 
Master syncronizer 
Pulser 
Pulse delays
Transmit/recieve switch 
Amplifiers 
Analog-to-diigital converters 
Echo delays 
Summer
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9
Q

Beam former involves _______ and ______. It is divided into these 2 channels

A

Transmission and reception

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10
Q

Each path to each individual element is a

A

Transmission channel

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11
Q

Each path from each individual element is a.

A

Reception channel

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12
Q

Components of transmitter (4)

A

Master synchronizer
Pulser
Pulse delays
Transmit/recieve switch

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13
Q

Components of receiver (4)

A

Amplifier
Analog-to-digital
Echo delays
Summer

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14
Q

What does the master synchronizer do (4)

A

Coordinates the entire system
Tells the pulser when to fire
Transmission/ receiver functions
Waits for echo to come back before firing the next pulse

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15
Q

Why does the master synchronizer wait for the echo to come back before firing the next pulse

A

Prevents range abuguity artifacct

This is the incorrect placement of echo along scan line

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16
Q

What does the pulser do

A

Produces electric voltages that drive the transducer

17
Q

Pulser is ____ cycle of voltage of desired ______

A

Single

Frequency

18
Q

What is the to the electric voltage sent from the pulser?

A

The transducer produces ultrasound pulse

19
Q

What is the fundamental frequency eequal to

A

Resonance=operating= transmit freq

20
Q

Fundamental frequency ranges from ___-____ MHz

A

2-20MHz

21
Q

PRFvoltage of the pulse is equal to _______ becuase

A

PRF pulse

Becuase for each pulse one US pulse is generated

22
Q

PRPvoltage of pulser =

A

PRPpulse

23
Q

Unit for frequency of pulser

A

MHz

24
Q

Unit for PRF of pulser

A

kHz

25
Q

Typical values of PRF in greyscale 2D

A

4-15kHz

26
Q

Typical values of PRF in doppler

A

5-30

27
Q

PRF is operator control in

A

doppler

28
Q

In greyscale imaging PRF is

A

Automatic

Depth of image will determine PRF (indirect control)

29
Q

PRF is limited by

A

Depths

30
Q

PRF is always less than

A

77kHz

31
Q

All echoes from one pulse must be recieved before

A

The next pulse is emitted

32
Q

Three qualities of deeper images

A

Echoes take longer to return
PRF is decreased
Frame rate is decreased

33
Q

Instrument automatically achieves _____ PRF

A

Highest

34
Q

The power or strength of the beam entering the tissue is closely related to

A

Intensity

35
Q

Stronger the voltage= stronger

A

Pulse

36
Q

What happens if we go over 77cm/ms

A

We would get echo misplacement/range ambuguity artifact

37
Q

What happens to the PRF in 2D if the depth is increased by 4X

A

It will decrease by 4X

38
Q

Pulser can be controlled by

A

Output dial on some machine

Displayed in dB/%

Physics 2 (11 decks)

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