Lecture 2 Flashcards
What microorganisms cause disease?
- virus
- bacteria
- fungi
- parasites
What are prions?
Self replicating proteins. They don’t have nucleic acid.
E.g. mad cow disease
What is the structure of a virus?
Spikes (attaching to specific cell surfaces )
Envelope
Protein coat
Nucleic acids
E.g. HIV adherence onto lymphocytes
What are the types of DNA viruses?
Single-stranded, non-enveloped (parvovirus 19)
Double-stranded, non-enveloped (adenovirus, BK virus, Human papilloma virus, JC virus)
Double-stranded, enveloped (herpes viruses, hepatitis B, molluscum
What are some RNA viruses?
\
Name a few viral infections:
Measles (encephalitis/meningitis) Small pox HIV Rubella Common colds (rhinoviruses, parainfluenza) Hepatitis (ABCDE)
What are bacteriophages?
Inject
What groups are present in bacteria?
Eubacteria (cause most diseases)
Eukaryotes
Archaebacteria
Structure of a bacteria
Plasmid: contain genes for virulence factors coding for toxin release. Code for antibiotic resistance, and can transfer between bacteria
What are the shapes of bacteria?
Coccus (spherical)
Spirillus (twisted)
Bacillus (rods)
How can cocci be arranged?
Clusters
Chains
What is gram positive and gram negative?
Gram positive:
What are aerobes/anaerobes?
Aerobes: survive in presence of oxygen
(Obligate aerobes-require oxygen)
Many aerobes can survive in anaerobic conditions
Anaerobes: survive in absence of oxygen
Obligate anaerobes- small amount of oxygen is toxic, otherwise can’t form spores
How do you name bacteria?
Linnaean taxonomy
Genus + species (species with no capital)
What are some gram positive bacteria?
Cocci
Bacilli
