lecture 2

Question 1

central point of animal welfare

Answer 1

sentience: animal-sented approach to the world,

Question 2

intrinsic and extrinsic worth

Answer 2

extrinsic = valuable to somebody else (worth outside itself), animals have intrinsic value, can suffer

Question 3

sentience

Answer 3

a sentient animal is one fro whon its feelings matter

Question 4

simplest way to interpret the conscious behaviour of sentient animals

Answer 4

they are aware of how they feel and it matters to them

Question 5

sentience def

Answer 5

conscious awareness of the interaction of itself with it’s environment, and understanding the consequences of it’s acts

Question 6

awareness

Answer 6

state in which brain analysis is used to process sensory inputs and mental constructs based on memory

Question 7

consciousness

Answer 7

the ability to perceive, and therefore to respond to selected features in the environment

Question 8

cognitive behaviour

Answer 8

behaviour that involves being able to judge and reason effectively

Question 9

learning

Answer 9

change in the brain resulting in behaviour being modified for longer than a few seconds, as a result of information received from outside the brain

Question 10

feelings

Answer 10

a brain construct involving at least perceptual awareness that involves a life regulating system that is recognised by the individual when it occurs, may change behaviour and may reinforce learning DOES NOT involved consciousness –> subjective thing that goes inside you and that only you can feel

Question 11

affective state

Answer 11

wide range of pleasant and unpleasant states

Question 12

justification for assuming that animals have feelings

Answer 12

this is how we have evolved, no reason why animals wouldn’t have followed on this

Question 13

emotion

Answer 13

intense affective response to an event that is associated with specific bodily changes

Question 14

three components of emotions

Answer 14

subjective bit, behavioural component, physiological and anatomical component

Question 15

need definition

Answer 15

a requirement that is part of the basic biology of an animal to obtain a resource or to respond to a stimulus

Question 16

want definition

Answer 16

a need not required for survival or prevention of abnormal behaviour, but that improves quality of life

Question 17

telos def

Answer 17

set of needs and interests, physical and psychological genetically encoded and environmentally expressed that makes up the animal’s nature

Question 18

nutritional needs

Answer 18

appropriate nutrition (type and quantity) and appropriate osmolarity (quantity and quality)

Question 19

environmental needs

Answer 19

appropriate environment, appropriate quantity and quality of space in which to move, appropriate quantity and quality of space in which to rest

Question 20

health needs

Answer 20

ability to avoid injury, ability to avoid disease

Question 21

behavioural needs

Answer 21

provision of the opportunity to express normal behaviours (intrinsic/genetic), provision of the opportunity to express ‘responsive/coping’ behaviours (nesting for pigs, flapping wings in birds, digging for gerbils etc)

Question 22

Mellor’s five domain’s model

Answer 22

nutrition, environment, health, behaviour + affective experience domain

Question 23

five freedoms IMPORTANT

Answer 23

hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain/injury or disease, express normal behaviours, fear or distress

Question 24

ethogram definition

Answer 24

detailed description of the behavioural features of a particular species –> different ways of recording things,

Question 25

preference test def

Answer 25

when an animal is required to make a sacrifice of some kind when it gains access to some quantity of a resource, or spends a certain amount of time consuming it

Question 26

problems associated with preference test

Answer 26

low of limited value to animal, choice of options limited, proximate (immediate) needs do not reflect those relating to long-term fitness, stimulus not related to telos in fish

Question 27

operant testing

Answer 27

where a cost is imposed on access to a resource by requiring the animal to perform a task

Question 28

inelastic demand

Answer 28

keep paying for it because really important source

Question 29

elastic demand

Answer 29

consumption changes –> consumer surplus gives an idea of what is important

Question 30

aversion testing def

Answer 30

a choice, or a strength of preference test in which the strength motivation to avoid an aversive situation is measures

Question 31

deprivation testing

Answer 31

when an animal is deprived of a supposed need and the effects of that deprivation

Question 32

coping def

Answer 32

having control of bodily and mental stability

Question 33

welfare definition IMPORTANT

Answer 33

how well an individual is coping with its environment

Question 34

homeostasis vs alostasis

Answer 34

homeostasis (physiology), allostasis (whole animal)

Question 35

examples of types of causal factors

Answer 35

internal state, hormones, physical condition, constructs from memory

Question 36

other name for aversive stimulators

Answer 36

stressors

Question 37

types of stressor

Answer 37

somatic, psychological, physical, behavioural, diseases

Question 38

stress definition

Answer 38

the biological response solicited when an animal perceives a threat to its homeostasis

Question 39

stress definition

Answer 39

the biological response solicited when an animal perceives a threat to its homeostasis

Question 40

frustration

Answer 40

when an aim generated by a causal event cannot be achieved

Question 41

suffering def (IMPORTANT)

Answer 41

unpleasant subjective feeling