lecture 2 Flashcards
animal welfare
central point of animal welfare
sentience: animal-sented approach to the world,
intrinsic and extrinsic worth
extrinsic = valuable to somebody else (worth outside itself), animals have intrinsic value, can suffer
sentience
a sentient animal is one fro whon its feelings matter
simplest way to interpret the conscious behaviour of sentient animals
they are aware of how they feel and it matters to them
sentience def
conscious awareness of the interaction of itself with it’s environment, and understanding the consequences of it’s acts
awareness
state in which brain analysis is used to process sensory inputs and mental constructs based on memory
consciousness
the ability to perceive, and therefore to respond to selected features in the environment
cognitive behaviour
behaviour that involves being able to judge and reason effectively
learning
change in the brain resulting in behaviour being modified for longer than a few seconds, as a result of information received from outside the brain
feelings
a brain construct involving at least perceptual awareness that involves a life regulating system that is recognised by the individual when it occurs, may change behaviour and may reinforce learning DOES NOT involved consciousness –> subjective thing that goes inside you and that only you can feel
affective state
wide range of pleasant and unpleasant states
justification for assuming that animals have feelings
this is how we have evolved, no reason why animals wouldn’t have followed on this
emotion
intense affective response to an event that is associated with specific bodily changes
three components of emotions
subjective bit, behavioural component, physiological and anatomical component
need definition
a requirement that is part of the basic biology of an animal to obtain a resource or to respond to a stimulus
want definition
a need not required for survival or prevention of abnormal behaviour, but that improves quality of life
telos def
set of needs and interests, physical and psychological genetically encoded and environmentally expressed that makes up the animal’s nature
nutritional needs
appropriate nutrition (type and quantity) and appropriate osmolarity (quantity and quality)
environmental needs
appropriate environment, appropriate quantity and quality of space in which to move, appropriate quantity and quality of space in which to rest
health needs
ability to avoid injury, ability to avoid disease
behavioural needs
provision of the opportunity to express normal behaviours (intrinsic/genetic), provision of the opportunity to express ‘responsive/coping’ behaviours (nesting for pigs, flapping wings in birds, digging for gerbils etc)
Mellor’s five domain’s model
nutrition, environment, health, behaviour + affective experience domain
five freedoms IMPORTANT
hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain/injury or disease, express normal behaviours, fear or distress
ethogram definition
detailed description of the behavioural features of a particular species –> different ways of recording things,
preference test def
when an animal is required to make a sacrifice of some kind when it gains access to some quantity of a resource, or spends a certain amount of time consuming it
problems associated with preference test
low of limited value to animal, choice of options limited, proximate (immediate) needs do not reflect those relating to long-term fitness, stimulus not related to telos in fish
operant testing
where a cost is imposed on access to a resource by requiring the animal to perform a task
inelastic demand
keep paying for it because really important source
elastic demand
consumption changes –> consumer surplus gives an idea of what is important
aversion testing def
a choice, or a strength of preference test in which the strength motivation to avoid an aversive situation is measures
deprivation testing
when an animal is deprived of a supposed need and the effects of that deprivation
coping def
having control of bodily and mental stability
welfare definition IMPORTANT
how well an individual is coping with its environment
homeostasis vs alostasis
homeostasis (physiology), allostasis (whole animal)
examples of types of causal factors
internal state, hormones, physical condition, constructs from memory
other name for aversive stimulators
stressors
types of stressor
somatic, psychological, physical, behavioural, diseases
stress definition
the biological response solicited when an animal perceives a threat to its homeostasis
stress definition
the biological response solicited when an animal perceives a threat to its homeostasis
frustration
when an aim generated by a causal event cannot be achieved
suffering def (IMPORTANT)
unpleasant subjective feeling
