Lecture 2

Question 1

what are the 4 things animals need to do in order to survive?

Answer 1

1) get food and oxygen
2) maintenance of water and salt balance
3) removal of wastes
4) reproduction

Question 2

body design necessary to meet the 4 problems animals need to overcome to survive is correlated with 4 factors what are they?

Answer 2

1) environment = food+o2
2) size of animal = h20 +salt balance
3) mode of existence = waste removal
4) constraints of the genome = reproduction

Question 3

what percentage of the Earths surface is marine?

Answer 3

71%

Question 4

what are 2 facts showing how vast the marine environment is?

Answer 4

1) every major phylum of inverts has some marine representatives
2) approx half of vertebrates are fish

Question 5

what is a Eulittoral zone and how do animals have to adapt to live here?

Answer 5

area between high and low tide - animals have to be well adapted to being exposed and submerged periodically - changes in temp and o2

Question 6

pelagic

Answer 6

suspended or swimming

Question 7

benthic

Answer 7

at the bottom

Question 8

errant

Answer 8

mobile

Question 9

sessile

Answer 9

attached

Question 10

sedentary

Answer 10

unattached, imobile

Question 11

2 advantages of the sea

Answer 11

1) vast space

2) high productivity

Question 12

describe the change in biomass in the sea

Answer 12

decreases from shoreline to open ocean and decreases towards the tropics

Question 13

5 features of the ocean

Answer 13

1) relatively constant environment
2) salinity 3.5%
3) dissolved oxygen
4) water moves constantly
5) isosmotic with body tissue of many animals

Question 14

3 advantages of living in the ocean

Answer 14

1) can support very large animals (buoyancy)
2) good medium for fertilisation and development
3) waste can be released as ammonia

Question 15

what is an osmoconformor?

Answer 15

marine organisms that maintain an internal environment that is osmotic to their external environment

Question 16

what are 4 disadvantages of freshwater compared to marine?

Answer 16

1) less constant
2) osmotic regulation required
3) freezing and drying can change
4) eggs retained by parent or attached to bottom

Question 17

what is an estuarine environment and 1 adv and 1 disadv?

Answer 17

salt marshes and mangroves
adv - productive
disadv - seasonal variations in salinity

Question 18

compare a terrestrial environment to marine

Answer 18

1) daily and seasonal temp extremes
2) o2 constant bit uptake needs moist surface
3) provides no support
4) internal fertilisation/protection of eggs
5) waste as urea or uric acid

Question 19

as a whole what is different about the symmetry of free moving and sedentary animals

Answer 19

free moving - bilaterally symmetrical - cephalisation

sedentary - radially symmetrical