Lecture 1

Question 1

what are the 3 main themes of animal diversity?

Answer 1

1) structure and function are inextricably linked
2) animal structures based on a limited number of basic plans
3) animals product of evolutionary process

Question 2

what are the 6 kingdoms?

Answer 2

1) monera
2) protista
3) fungi
4) plantae
5) animalia
6) archaebacteria

Question 3

summarise the kingdom animalia

Answer 3

multicellular, ingestive, heterotrophic (cannot produce its own food)

Question 4

roughly how many phyla of animals are there

Answer 4

40

Question 5

when were most animal phyla evolved by?

Answer 5

the end of the cambrian - 550 mya

Question 6

when was the earliest prokaryote fossil found from

Answer 6

3500 mya

Question 7

when was the earliest eukaryote fossil found from

Answer 7

1700 mya

Question 8

what is the burgess shale?

Answer 8

a record of cambrian life - essentially all the phyla present today were in exsistence however now are much more evolved

Question 9

what are 2 reasons for the dramatic change in phyla after the cambrian explosion?

Answer 9

1) increase in oxygen - more activity

2) evolution of the eye

Question 10

what are 2 physical features which are important in the evolution of animals

Answer 10

1) changes in climate

2) continental drift

Question 11

what is an example of a change in climate which was important in animal evolution

Answer 11

glaciation events - causes the seperation of populations - limited gene flow in isolation - speciation may occur - hybrid zones where species interbreed

Question 12

describe the effect of continental drift

Answer 12

continents coming together can have positive effects (bringing animals together - less isolated gene pool) and negative effects (lose coastline and continental shelf with all animals living there - mass extinction)
- isolation occurs when continents move apart