Lecture 2 Flashcards
rapport
Connection with the audience
> Full responsivity between audience and speaker
Green (2004): apply a rhetorical
sequence (rapport, dispositio)
pathos - logos - ethos
Captatio benevolentiae
Illicit ‘liking’ by signalling benevolence
• E.g., through honesty/vurnerability (this is especially tricky…!)
Spark interest through resonance balance? (Giorgi, 2017)
Novelty and familiarity:
• Resonance (familiarity)
• Acknowledge commonality:
e.g., history/tradition
Three ‘gears’ for maintaining attention
•Gear 1: one emotion all the time
(mind the 8-minute rule)
•Gear 2: vary emotions over parts of the speech
•Gear 3: vary emotions even at micro-level of talking
(Exordium)
There are 5 “classical” types of introductions:
- Narrative
- Inquisitive
- Paradoxical
- Corrective
- Preparatory
(Exordium)
Intro: Narrative
One of the most effective intros. The orator tells an anecdote or story to snag the reader’s interest and identify the subject
(Exordium)
Intro: Inquisitive
Shows that the subject is interesting, important, or odd
(Exordium)
Intro: Paradoxical
Sets up an expectation or implicit agreement on the
audience’s part, then contradicts it
(Exordium)
Intro: Corrective
Shows that the topic has been neglected or ignored
(Exordium)
Intro: Preparatory
The writer “prepares” the reader for the discourse by talking about it or apologizing or qualifying the following oratory performance
Explain this source of institutional contradictions:
1. Legitimacy that undermines efficiency
Technical activities and efficiency requires customized solutions
Explain this source of institutional contradictions:
2. Adaption that undermine adaptability
im for institutional isomorphism -> result in being unable to adapt further
Explain this source of institutional contradictions:
3. Intrainstitutional conformity that creates interinstitutional incompatibilities
Production and reproduction is carried out in different locations -> incompatibilities between the different levels
Incorporates incompatible structures to reach isomorphism
Explain this source of institutional contradictions:
4. Isomorphism conflicts with divergent interests.
Political struggles among different participants
Some will be dissatisfied -> potential change agents
Praxis
core mediating mechanism for institutional change:
- particular type of human action
- sociohistorical context
- driven by inevitable by-products of that context-social contradictions
Explain 3 components of praxis:
Components of Praxis:
1. actors’ self-awareness or critical understanding of the existing social conditions in which their needs and interests are unmet;
- actors’ mobilization, inspired by the new, collective understanding of their social conditions and themselves;
- actors’ multilateral or collective action to re-construct the existing social arrangements and themselves
Explain 4 different patterns of institutionalization:
- Reaffirmation
- Keying
- Frame Break
- Ambiguity
- Reaffirmation = upholding current frame
- Keying = activity does not change but interpretation does
- Frame Break = intentional break of the frame
- Ambiguity = actors hold different interpretations
Giorgi Frame Resonance: Cognition
How?
Why?
Obstacels?
How: Blending
Why:
- Over come uncertainty
- Attract attention
Obstacels:
- Audience life experiences (emperical credibility)
- Societal cultural codes (cultural credibility)
Giorgi Frame Resonance: Emotional
How?
Why?
Obstacels?
How: Rituals
Why:
- Overcome indifferences
- Foster emotional experiences
Obstacels:
- Organizational culture/ societal ethos (emotional embeddedness)
- Frame and framer fit (emotional contagion)
