Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology John > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What chains does natural insulin have

A

A and b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What chains will be present in artificial insulin

A

C chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What will happen to the single chain receptors when a molecule bonds

A

Dimerize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kinase can act in 2 ways

A

Janus kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Once molecules and kinase bind what happens

A

Phosphorylate with the receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many lobes down the thyroid contain

A

2 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the thyroid hormones bound too

A

Iodine metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the thyroid hormones produce

A

Thyroid hormones and calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is present in the spaces between the follicle cells

A

Big protein Called thyroglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the space called in between the follicle cells

A

Colloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is thyroxine

A

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Another name for T4

A

Thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is thyroxine made of

A

2x molecules of tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many atoms does tyrosine have for it to be T3

A

3 molecules of iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many iodine atoms make T4

A

4 atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Once joined with iodine does it make it unstable or stable

A

Stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is iodine used for in the body

A

Nothing but without it thyroids don’t work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens if there is no iodine present

A

No thyroid = no metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What will tell the thyroid to enhance production of hormones

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What hormones are the main ones activated

A

T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the hormone that gets excreted through urine

A

T0

3 methylhistadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If we measure 3 methylhistadine what can we know from this

A

How much protein turnover there is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Activation of T3 period

A

12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Activation of T4 duration

A

72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How long does T3 stay activated

A

1-2 days

26
Q

How long does T4 stay activated for

A

7-9 days

27
Q

If thyroid rate is high in the body what does this do to metabolism

A

Increases metabolism

28
Q

If thyroid production is low what does it do to the body

A

Slow the body down

29
Q

What does the thyroid do in the body

A

Influences growth
Maturation
Development

30
Q

If thyroid hormones are no present in children what will happen

A

Physically and mentally impaired

31
Q

What’s catecholamine do

A

Activated adrenalin

32
Q

What activates adrenaline

A

Catecholamine

33
Q

If you have a peptide chain that can only produce chains or 12 amino acids but you have chains containing 3 amino acids how is it possible

A

They get cut

34
Q

The parathyroid glands are found in the thyroids how many glands are there and where are they located

A

4 glands

Posterior surface of the thyroid gland

35
Q

What condition causes swelling of the neck

A

Goitre

36
Q

Do thyroid gland sizes vary amongst populations

A

Yes

37
Q

What is the cause of goitre

A

Deficiency of iodine

38
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

39
Q

Common cause of an enlarged thyroid

A

Presence of an auto antibodies that act on the thyroid to stimulate growth and hormone secretion (Graves’ disease)

40
Q

Where does the blood supply come from

A

External carotid

Subclavian arteries

41
Q

The rate of blood flow is regulated by

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

42
Q

What is the normal rate of blood through the thyroid

A

30-60mL / min

43
Q

In disorders what is the rate of blood flow through the thyroid

A

1L/min

44
Q

How does the thyroid gland make thyroid hormones activate

A

By adding iodine

45
Q

How is iodine taken up by follicular cells

A

Sodium / iodine sum porter

46
Q

Thyroglobulin is rich in

A

Tyrosine residues

47
Q

Where does iodine and thyroglobulin get secreted

A

Into colloid

48
Q

What catalysed the reaction between pairs of tyrosine residues and iodine

A

Enzyme called thyroperoxidase

49
Q

How long does thyroid hormones get stored for

A

5-6 weeks

50
Q

How does thyroxine get released

A

Follicular cells stimulated to produce thyroid hormones

Drops of the colloid are taken up by the cell forming vesicles

Vesicles fuse with lysosomes that contain enzymes that cut thyroglobulin to release thyroxine

51
Q

Where does the thyroid gland releases hormones and why

A

In to the blood. They are fat soluble so must circulate in the blood to attach to thyroid binding globulin TBG

52
Q

Molecular name for T3

A

Tri iodothyronine

53
Q

Molecular name for T4

A

Tetra iodothyronine

54
Q

How is thyroxine converted into T3

A

Peripheral deiodination

55
Q

What is the inactivated T3 called

A

Reverse T3

56
Q

What regulates the thyroid gland

A

Peptide hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary TSH

Thyroid stimulating hormone

57
Q

Where are the receptors for thyroid glands

A

Intracellular receptors. Nucleus of the target cell

58
Q

Clinical name for hyperthyroidism

A

Thyrotoxicosis

59
Q

What is Graves’ disease

A

Autoimmune condition

Auto antibodies are made against the thyroid and stimulate TSH receptor. Auto antibodies take over the control of the thyroid from TSH

60
Q

Thyroid hormones derive from

A

Tyrosine

61
Q

Hyperthyroidism is caused by

A

Dietary iodine deficiency

62
Q

What is the aim of thyroid treatment

A

To keep plasma thyroxine at or below 4mI/L

Endocrinology John (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions