Lecture 1 Flashcards
What does the hypothalamus do
Maintains homeostasis
Body temperature, blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, body weight
What does the nucleus of the solitary tract do
Collects sensory information from the vagus nerve and relay it to hypothalamus
What sort of sensory information does the nucleus of the solitary tract include
Blood pressure
Gut distension
What does reticular formation do
Nucleus in the bloodstream that recieves a variety of input from the spinal cord
What sort of information is linked with reticular formation
Skin temperature
Where is the hypothalamus
Below the thalamus and posterior to the optic chiasm
What is the retina
Fibres from the optic nerve go to a small nucleus in the hypothalamus
What is the nucleus called that the retina fibres go to
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus do
Regulates circadian rhythms
Hat are the circumventricular organs
These nuclei are located along the ventricles
What is unique about the circumventricular nuclei
They lack the blood brain barrier
What does the limbic and olfactory system do
Help to regulate behaviours such as eating and reproduction
What do intrinsic receptors do
Monitor temperature and ionic balance
What are the 2 main outputs
Neural signals
Endocrone signals
Where do neural signals go
To the autonomic system
Where do the hypothalamus project too
Medulla
What can the hypothalamus control
Heart rate
Vasoconstriction
Digestion
Sweating
Where do endocrone signals travel too
Pituitary gland
Where in the hypothalamus send their axons to the pituitary gland
Third ventricle
Hypothalamus cells in the third ventricle send their axons to which pituitary gland
Posterior
What do the axon terminals release into the bloodstream
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Where do smaller cells send their axons
To the base of the pituitary
Where do the smaller cells axons release hormones into
Capillary system of the anterior pituitary
What can the hypothalamus change
Blood pressure
Body temperature
Metabolism
Adrenaline levels
What are the 2 pituitary glands called
Posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary
What is adenohypophysis
Anterior pituitary
What is neurohypophysis
Posterior pituitary
What 3 cells types are in the adenohypophysis
Acidophils
Basiphils
Chromophobes
Is it true or false that the neurohypophysis is an extension of the hypothalamus
True
How are hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland
The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones which stimulate hormones release in the pituitary
What are releasing factors
Releasing hormones that stimulate hormone release
What is it meant about true hormones
Secreted in the bloodstream and act at a distance
What is vasopressin thought to stimulate
ACTH secretion
What is CRH
Corticotropin releasing hormones
How many amino acids does CRH have
41 amino acids straight chain
What group is crucial for activity
Amide group
What is TRH
Thyrotropin releasing hormones
Hypothalamus secretes TRH causes what
Release of TSH from anterior pituitary
What is the only problem in secreting TRH
It can also cause the release of prolactin, growth hormone and MSH
Where is TRH produced
Medial neurons of the hypothalamus
What is GH
Growth hormone
How many amino acids is growth hormone
191
Name another hormone that is in GH family
Prolactin
How many amino acids does prolactin have
198
What is required for signal transduction of GH
Receptor dimerization
How many binding sites do GH have
2 GH receptor monomers to form a dimer in the plasma membrane
What will a dimerised GH receptor recruit
Cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase
By recruiting a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase what does it do
Phosphorylates the GH receptor
What happens after phosphorylation
Signal transducers and activators of transcription are phosphorylated and moved to the nucleus
