Lecture 2 Flashcards
What are the cerebral cortex layers (going from inside –> outside)
I,II,III - intracortical
IV - end of sensory signals
V, VI - start of motor signals
What are the types of cerebral cortex neurons?
- Granular (Interneurons, Excitatory, Inhibitory)
- Fusiform (small output neurons)
- Pyramidal (large output neurons)
What is the relationship between the thalamus and the brain?
The thalamus signals to the brain and the brain sends signals back.
What are the primary cortical areas and what is their function?
Primary motor = connect with muscles
Primary sensory = detect sensation
What do the secondary motor and secondary sensory areas do?
Secondary motor = creates patterns of motor activity
Secondary Sensory = analyze the signal
What are the sub-areas of the parieto-occipitotemporal area?
- spatial coordination
- angular gyrus area
- naming objects
- Wernicke’s area
Explain what happens if there is damage to Wernicke’s area.
Wernicke’s area = language comprehension
So, if there is damage you can speak but will not be able to form coherent sentences (may even make up words). Patient’s also may be able to read words, but would not understand the meaning behind the words. (EXAMPLE: Patient could read “She’s ugly” but not understand what this means)
What are the three important areas that feed into Wernicke’s area?
Somatic
Visual
Auditory
Pre-analyzed sensory information comes to this area, planning effective movements and thought processes also occur in this area. The output passes through the basal ganglia. What is this area?
Prefrontal Area
Where is Broca’s Area located?
Prefrontal Area
If there is damage to Broca’s area what occurs? Give example.
Patients with damage to Broca’s area (or prefrontal lobotomy) lose the ability to solve complex problems, cannot do any tasks that are “stepwise”, they are unable to string together a long train of thought (usually leave out small words). (EXAMPLE: a patient with Broca’s aphasia may try to say “there are two books on the table” but it would come out: “book book two table”
Which association areas is related to behavior, emotions and motivation? It also is the area involved in facial recognition.
Limbic Area
What disorder in which you are unable to recognize faces?
Prosopagnosia
What would happen if an area gets cut and loses it’s connection with the thalamus?
The function of that area would be lost. The thalmocortical system is interconnected through nuclei
Which involves more pathways, speaking a heard word or speaking a written word?
Speaking a written word
