Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is disease?
The impairment of optimal function or homeostasis of an organism as a result of structural or chemical alteration
Disease is a…
Continuum.
There are situations of acute trauma, of course, but for many/most situations, disease is a continuum being absolutely normal, and deceased.
What does CLASS-C stand for?
C - Color
L - Location
A - Appearance on cut surface
S - Size
S - Shape
C - Consistency
Clinical signs are…?
Clinical signs are issues that the animal presents with, upon gross examination.
Clinical diagnosis is…?
Clinical diagnosis is a diagnosis that encapsulates the data you have from the clinical signs, clinical evidence (like rads, blood work, etc), and necropsy
Necropsy is…?
Necropsy is a postmortem dissection/examination, both gross and microscopic. It’s a way to gather information about an animal that’s died.
Gross lesion description is…?
Gross lesion is the description of a lesion, as a whole. Sometimes it’s one big lesion, sometimes it’s many small lesions.
Histologic lesion description is…?
Histologic lesion description is what pathologists do; it’s the microscopic examination of cells/tissue
Morphologic diagnosis is…?
All information, whether from gross lesion descriptions or morphologic lesion descriptions, are used to make a morphologic (shape/structural) diagnosis.
It’s kind of like tweeting what the diagnosis is: you have a limited number of characters, and you’re trying to give a very specific answer to what you interpret the lesion, and the cause, to be
Etiological diagnosis is…?
Etiology is the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.
An etiological diagnosis includes the name of a disease, which includes the identification of the causative agent, e.g. Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis.
When you say, “This is the cause of “x”, and this is the lesion it’s creating
Disease diagnosis is…?
Very similar to Etiological diagnosis. Think of it as layman’s terms for diseases; the way you would describe a disease when speaking to client vs. another vet.
Pathogenesis is…?
The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism (or mechanisms) that lead to the diseased state
You’re trying to connect the dots; trying to indicate the causality between one lesion to another, or to a biochemical situation.
What are the basic changes in pathology?
- Cell injury, degeneration, cell death
- Disturbances of circulation
- Inflammation
- Neoplasia
- Congenital defects and disturbances of growth
Why do we care about disturbances of circulation?
If there are disturbances to the blood flow or to the vascular supply, then there will be an impact on the cells that the blood vessels *should* have been supplying.
When do we see inflammation?
Inflammation results when there’s alterations to cells, or when there’s infections.
Sometimes if there’s necrosis due to trauma or neoplasia, that will bring on a whole round of inflammation
What is neoplasia’s role in basic pathologic changes?
Neoplasia is a process unto itself, but it can also disturb adjacent cells to the point where they can have additional responses. The adjacent cells could be crushed, or may be activated by the products that are made by a neoplasm.
Brief Microbiology review:
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
Power source of the cell
From Wikipedia: These structures are sometimes described as “the powerhouse of the cell” because they generate most of the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks such as signaling, cellular differentiation, cell death, as well as maintaining the control of the cell cycle and cell growth.
