Lecture 2

Question 0

How was illness seen during the Middle Ages?

Answer 0

God’s punishment for being bad

Question 1

When was trephining used to release evil spirits?

Answer 1

The Stone Age

Question 2

When was bloodletting used as a treatment for capillary tension?

Answer 2

1700s

Question 3

What are the three current treatments for cancer?

Answer 3

Slash (surgery)
Burn (radiation
Poison (chemo)

Question 4

When was the biomedical model prevalent?

Answer 4

1900s

Question 5

What was the primary treatment for illness during the 1800s?

Answer 5

Comfort

Question 6

What was Oliver Wendell Holmes opinion on medical treatment?

Answer 6

Drugs were not beneficial to humans

Question 7

What does the biomedical model say?

Answer 7

All illness has a biological cause, based on an organ not functioning right or bio-chemicals in the body being out of balance.

Question 8

Which model states that all illness can be cured with drugs if we find the right drugs?

Answer 8

Biomedical model

Question 9

Which model states that the body is separate for the mind?

Answer 9

Biomedical model

Question 10

biomedical treatment is used to control these once chronic illnesses:

Answer 10

acute illnesses

Question 11

Tuberculosis, pneumonia, tetanus, typhus, smallpox, malaria, and polio are all examples of ________.

Answer 11

Acute illnesses

Question 12

What is the biggest problem with vaccines?

Answer 12

They’re expensive to make + not profitable for pharmacies

Question 13

Who invented the smallpox vaccine?

Answer 13

Edward Jenner

Question 14

In the late 1900s, _________ diseases were treated well, as opposed to ______ diseases.

Answer 14

Acute; chronic

Question 15

What is the most on cause of death?

Answer 15

Cardiovascular disease

Question 16

The ________ model isn’t doing well to help chronic diseases.

Answer 16

Biomedical

Question 17

What does the biopsychosocial model integrate?

Answer 17

• biological factors (organs, cells, tissues, bio chemicals)
• psychological factors (individuals’ motivations, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors)
• social factors (society, culture, community, family, social class)

Question 18

What is reason 1 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

Answer 18

having a biomedical defect indicates disease potential, not existence.

Question 19

What is reason 2 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

Answer 19

Beliefs about illness matter. (A patient might not seek out help until THEY believe they are sick.)

Question 20

What is reason 3 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

Answer 20

Two people with the same biomedical problem may still have different disease outcomes. *Social factors can change the course of disease outcome; you need to really understand the psychological + social aspects.

Question 21

What is reason 4 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

Answer 21

Successfully treating the biomedical problem doesn’t necessarily make the patient healthy.

Question 22

What is reason 5 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

Answer 22

Behaviors matter. Behaviors of you taking care of yourself AND behaviors of physicians.

Question 23

What is stress?

Answer 23

A negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are directed either toward altering the stressful event or accompanying to its effects.

Question 24

What are physical stressors?

Answer 24

Things that all animals (human & not) might list as stressful

Question 25

What are examples of physical stressors?

Answer 25

Heat, cold, pain, fatigue, injury, hunger, predators

Question 26

What are psychological stressors?

Answer 26

Things that generally only humans could consider stressful

Question 27

What are examples of psychological stressors?

Answer 27

Grades, job security, money, relationships, traffic

Question 28

Most psychological stressors are: acute/chronic.

Answer 28

Chronic

Question 29

What are acute stressors?

Answer 29

Stressors that demand immediate attention and don't last long. They tend to appear suddenly.

Question 30

Many physical stressors are: acute/chronic

Answer 30

Acute

Question 31

What are chronic stressors?

Answer 31

Stressors that do not require immediate attention but last a long time and are a constant source of worry.

Question 32

What did Walter Cannon find about stress?

Answer 32

That stress causes physiological changes that help mobilize the body to fight or flee.

Question 33

What are the pros and cons of fight or flight?

Answer 33

It helps you respond quickly but disrupts normal functioning.

Question 34

Who is responsible for finding general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 34

Hans Selye

Question 35

What did Selye find from his experiment with rats?

Answer 35

Every rat resulted in enlarged adrenal glands, shrunken lymph nodes, and bleeding ulcers.

Question 36

What did Selye's discovery ignore?

Answer 36

Psychological aspect

Question 37

What did Holmes and Rahe find?

Answer 37

They defined stress by the amount of change experienced in one's life. The way you THINK about a stressor is important.

Question 38

According to ________, what matters is not WHAT event occurs, but how we PERCEIVE and INTERPRET that event.

Answer 38

Lazarus

Question 39

The process of perceiving and interpreting an event is called:

Answer 39

Appraisal

Question 40

What is the stress appraisal process?

Answer 40

Primary appraisal + Secondary appraisal influence the way you respond to a stressor.

Question 41

"Is the event harmful or threatening?" Is a process of:

Answer 41

Primary appraisal

Question 42

What is a process of secondary appraisal?

Answer 42

"Are my coping abilities sufficient to handle this stressor?"

Question 43

What did the sub-incision video show?

Answer 43

The stressful thing didn't even need to happen to YOU.

Question 44

In the subincision video, who was the least stressed?

Answer 44

Those watching with a denial narrative, emphasizing a joyful ceremony

Question 45

What specific kind of stress does Sir Michael Marmot think is toxic?

Answer 45

Uncontrollable stress

Question 46

In the nonhuman primate studies, what is true?

Answer 46

Low status males choose cocaine over food

Question 47

What was significant about the nonhuman primate studies?

Answer 47

Showed what a stressful experience it is to be low-status.