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PSYCH 150 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

How was illness seen during the Middle Ages?

A

God’s punishment for being bad

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1
Q

When was trephining used to release evil spirits?

A

The Stone Age

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2
Q

When was bloodletting used as a treatment for capillary tension?

A

1700s

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3
Q

What are the three current treatments for cancer?

A

Slash (surgery)
Burn (radiation
Poison (chemo)

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4
Q

When was the biomedical model prevalent?

A

1900s

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5
Q

What was the primary treatment for illness during the 1800s?

A

Comfort

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6
Q

What was Oliver Wendell Holmes opinion on medical treatment?

A

Drugs were not beneficial to humans

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7
Q

What does the biomedical model say?

A

All illness has a biological cause, based on an organ not functioning right or bio-chemicals in the body being out of balance.

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8
Q

Which model states that all illness can be cured with drugs if we find the right drugs?

A

Biomedical model

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9
Q

Which model states that the body is separate for the mind?

A

Biomedical model

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10
Q

biomedical treatment is used to control these once chronic illnesses:

A

acute illnesses

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11
Q

Tuberculosis, pneumonia, tetanus, typhus, smallpox, malaria, and polio are all examples of ________.

A

Acute illnesses

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12
Q

What is the biggest problem with vaccines?

A

They’re expensive to make + not profitable for pharmacies

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13
Q

Who invented the smallpox vaccine?

A

Edward Jenner

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14
Q

In the late 1900s, _________ diseases were treated well, as opposed to ______ diseases.

A

Acute; chronic

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15
Q

What is the most on cause of death?

A

Cardiovascular disease

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16
Q

The ________ model isn’t doing well to help chronic diseases.

A

Biomedical

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17
Q

What does the biopsychosocial model integrate?

A
  • biological factors (organs, cells, tissues, bio chemicals)
  • psychological factors (individuals’ motivations, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors)
  • social factors (society, culture, community, family, social class)
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18
Q

What is reason 1 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

A

having a biomedical defect indicates disease potential, not existence.

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19
Q

What is reason 2 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

A

Beliefs about illness matter. (A patient might not seek out help until THEY believe they are sick.)

20
Q

What is reason 3 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

A

Two people with the same biomedical problem may still have different disease outcomes. *Social factors can change the course of disease outcome; you need to really understand the psychological + social aspects.

21
Q

What is reason 4 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

A

Successfully treating the biomedical problem doesn’t necessarily make the patient healthy.

22
Q

What is reason 5 for needing a biopsychosocial model?

A

Behaviors matter. Behaviors of you taking care of yourself AND behaviors of physicians.

23
Q

What is stress?

A

A negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are directed either toward altering the stressful event or accompanying to its effects.

24
Q

What are physical stressors?

A

Things that all animals (human & not) might list as stressful

25
Q

What are examples of physical stressors?

A

Heat, cold, pain, fatigue, injury, hunger, predators

26
Q

What are psychological stressors?

A

Things that generally only humans could consider stressful

27
Q

What are examples of psychological stressors?

A

Grades, job security, money, relationships, traffic

28
Q

Most psychological stressors are: acute/chronic.

A

Chronic

29
Q

What are acute stressors?

A

Stressors that demand immediate attention and don’t last long. They tend to appear suddenly.

30
Q

Many physical stressors are: acute/chronic

A

Acute

31
Q

What are chronic stressors?

A

Stressors that do not require immediate attention but last a long time and are a constant source of worry.

32
Q

What did Walter Cannon find about stress?

A

That stress causes physiological changes that help mobilize the body to fight or flee.

33
Q

What are the pros and cons of fight or flight?

A

It helps you respond quickly but disrupts normal functioning.

34
Q

Who is responsible for finding general adaptation syndrome?

A

Hans Selye

35
Q

What did Selye find from his experiment with rats?

A

Every rat resulted in enlarged adrenal glands, shrunken lymph nodes, and bleeding ulcers.

36
Q

What did Selye’s discovery ignore?

A

Psychological aspect

37
Q

What did Holmes and Rahe find?

A

They defined stress by the amount of change experienced in one’s life. The way you THINK about a stressor is important.

38
Q

According to ________, what matters is not WHAT event occurs, but how we PERCEIVE and INTERPRET that event.

A

Lazarus

39
Q

The process of perceiving and interpreting an event is called:

A

Appraisal

40
Q

What is the stress appraisal process?

A

Primary appraisal + Secondary appraisal influence the way you respond to a stressor.

41
Q

“Is the event harmful or threatening?” Is a process of:

A

Primary appraisal

42
Q

What is a process of secondary appraisal?

A

“Are my coping abilities sufficient to handle this stressor?”

43
Q

What did the sub-incision video show?

A

The stressful thing didn’t even need to happen to YOU.

44
Q

In the subincision video, who was the least stressed?

A

Those watching with a denial narrative, emphasizing a joyful ceremony

45
Q

What specific kind of stress does Sir Michael Marmot think is toxic?

A

Uncontrollable stress

46
Q

In the nonhuman primate studies, what is true?

A

Low status males choose cocaine over food

47
Q

What was significant about the nonhuman primate studies?

A

Showed what a stressful experience it is to be low-status.

PSYCH 150 (4 decks)

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