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Immunology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which MHC molecule do cytotoxic T cells recognize?

A

MHC1.

The CD8 molecule binds to MCH1.

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1
Q

What percentage of total lymphocytes are circulating in the blood at any one time?

A

2%

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1
Q

What do monocytes mature into in the tissues?

A

Macrophages or dendritic cells.

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2
Q

Is a blood lymphocyte count an accurate representation of total lymphocyes in the body?

A

No.

The majority of lymphocytes are found in the tissues.

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3
Q

True or False: Basophils are covered in IgE antibody.

A

TRUE.

These cells are important in the detection of parasites.

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3
Q

True or False: NK cells are antigen-specific.

A

FALSE.

NK cells are part of the innate immune system.

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3
Q

Where is the antigen binding site on an antibody?

A

On the light chain.

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3
Q

Identify the following cell types.

A
  1. Monocyte
  2. Endothelial cell
  3. Neutrophil
  4. Leukocyte
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4
Q

True or false: leukocyte is synonymous with lymphocyte.

A

FALSE. Leukocyte refers to any white blood cell, whereas lymphocyte refers to T, B, and NK cells.

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5
Q

Name the cells derived from the lymphoid cell lineage.

A

B cells, T cells, NK cells

Some dendritic cells

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6
Q

Name the three lineages of hematopoeitic stem cells.

A
  1. Erythroid
  2. Myeloid
  3. Lymphoid
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6
Q

What is the normal ratio of helper T cells (CD4+) to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?

A

2:1

If the ratio approaches 1:1, the patient becomes immunodeficient.

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8
Q

Where do dendritic cells mature?

A

In the tissues, where they act as important sentinel and antigen-presenting cells.

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9
Q

What is the definition of “half life” for a blood cell?

A

The amount of time it takes for half of the cells of a particular type to be replaced in the blood stream.

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9
Q

True or False: Each B cell can recognize multiple antigens.

A

FALSE

Each B cell expresses only one B cell receptor (BCR) and so can only recognize one antigen.

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11
Q

Name the cells derived from the myeloid cell lineage.

A

Monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

Some dendritic cells

Mast cells

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12
Q

What is a neutrophil’s primary function?

A

Protect against bacterial infection.

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13
Q

What is the difference between cytotoxic T cell surface receptors and helper T cell surface receptors?

A

Helper T cells express CD4.

Cytotoxic T cells express CD8.

14
Q

Name the cells derived from the erythroid cell lineage.

A

RBCs and Platelets

14
Q

What is the term for an immature neutrophil released into the circulation?

A

Band cell

or

Band neutrophil

16
Q

List the secondary lymphoid tissues.

A
  1. Lymph nodes.
  2. Spleen.
  3. MALT - mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
18
Q

Which leukocyte is present in the highest concentrations in the blood?

A

Neutrophil

19
Q

What is one of the first thing that happens when a lymphocyte encounters its target antigen?

A

Rapid clonal expansion (mitosis).

20
Q

True or false: You are going to kick some serious ass on the Immunology test.

A

GODDAM TRUE

21
Q

Define “addressins.”

A

Adhesion molecules on the surface of endothelial cells that allow leukocytes to identify where they are in the body.

22
Q

What is the difference between alpha beta T cells and gamma delta T cells?

A

Alpha beta T cells express CD4 and CD8.

Gamma delta T cells do not express CD4 or CD8.

23
Q

Which molecule is responsible for signal transduction after a T cell encounters an antigen?

A

CD3

25
Q

List the primary lymphoid tissues.

A
  1. Thymus - maturation site of T cells.
  2. Bursa of Fabricius - maturation site of B cells in birds.
  3. Bone marrow - maturation site of B cells in primates, rabbits, and rodents.
  4. Peyer’s patches - maturation site of B cells in ruminants, pigs, and dogs.
26
Q

List the types of lymphocytes.

A
  1. T cells.
  2. B cells.
  3. Nk cells.
27
Q

Which MHC molecule do helper T cells recognize?

A

MCH2.

The CD4 molecule binds to MHC2.

28
Q

An animal showing an eosinophilia from blood work might have what kind of condition?

A

Parasitic infestation.

30
Q

Identify the leukocyte type.

A

Lymphocyte.

31
Q

What is meant by the term “memory cell?”

A

Long-lived clone of a lymphocyte.

33
Q

Identify the following blood cell types.

A
  1. Erythrocyte
  2. Basophil
  3. Eosinophil
34
Q

True or False: B cells can recognize unprocessed antigens (i.e. not presented by the MHC).

A

TRUE

35
Q

Identify the components of this surface immunoglobulin.

A
  1. Antigen binding site.
  2. Light chain.
  3. Heavy chain.
  4. Trans-membrane region.
36
Q

True or false: Of all the WBCs, the bone marrow spends most of its energy making lymphocytes.

A

FALSE.

Most energy is spent on making neutrophils.

37
Q

How are new antigen receptors generated by T cells?

A

DNA rearrangement while maturing in the thymus.

If a newly generated receptor recognizes self antigens, the cells will quickly be destroyed.

38
Q

Lymphocytes make up what percentage of circulating white blood cells?

A

30%

40
Q

Name the leukocytes that are classified as granulocytes.

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
41
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

Part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

42
Q

What is the half life of an eosinophil in the bood stream?

A

30 seconds.

Can live for 2 weeks in the tissues.

43
Q

What is meant by the term “neutropenia?”

A

A decreased number of neutrophils in the blood stream.

Immunology (31 decks)

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