Lecture 2 Flashcards
Which MHC molecule do cytotoxic T cells recognize?
MHC1.
The CD8 molecule binds to MCH1.
What percentage of total lymphocytes are circulating in the blood at any one time?
2%
What do monocytes mature into in the tissues?
Macrophages or dendritic cells.
Is a blood lymphocyte count an accurate representation of total lymphocyes in the body?
No.
The majority of lymphocytes are found in the tissues.
True or False: Basophils are covered in IgE antibody.
TRUE.
These cells are important in the detection of parasites.
True or False: NK cells are antigen-specific.
FALSE.
NK cells are part of the innate immune system.
Where is the antigen binding site on an antibody?
On the light chain.
Identify the following cell types.
- Monocyte
- Endothelial cell
- Neutrophil
- Leukocyte
True or false: leukocyte is synonymous with lymphocyte.
FALSE. Leukocyte refers to any white blood cell, whereas lymphocyte refers to T, B, and NK cells.
Name the cells derived from the lymphoid cell lineage.
B cells, T cells, NK cells
Some dendritic cells
Name the three lineages of hematopoeitic stem cells.
- Erythroid
- Myeloid
- Lymphoid
What is the normal ratio of helper T cells (CD4+) to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?
2:1
If the ratio approaches 1:1, the patient becomes immunodeficient.
Where do dendritic cells mature?
In the tissues, where they act as important sentinel and antigen-presenting cells.
What is the definition of “half life” for a blood cell?
The amount of time it takes for half of the cells of a particular type to be replaced in the blood stream.
True or False: Each B cell can recognize multiple antigens.
FALSE
Each B cell expresses only one B cell receptor (BCR) and so can only recognize one antigen.
Name the cells derived from the myeloid cell lineage.
Monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
Some dendritic cells
Mast cells
What is a neutrophil’s primary function?
Protect against bacterial infection.
What is the difference between cytotoxic T cell surface receptors and helper T cell surface receptors?
Helper T cells express CD4.
Cytotoxic T cells express CD8.
Name the cells derived from the erythroid cell lineage.
RBCs and Platelets
What is the term for an immature neutrophil released into the circulation?
Band cell
or
Band neutrophil
List the secondary lymphoid tissues.
- Lymph nodes.
- Spleen.
- MALT - mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
Which leukocyte is present in the highest concentrations in the blood?
Neutrophil
What is one of the first thing that happens when a lymphocyte encounters its target antigen?
Rapid clonal expansion (mitosis).
True or false: You are going to kick some serious ass on the Immunology test.
GODDAM TRUE
Define “addressins.”
Adhesion molecules on the surface of endothelial cells that allow leukocytes to identify where they are in the body.
What is the difference between alpha beta T cells and gamma delta T cells?
Alpha beta T cells express CD4 and CD8.
Gamma delta T cells do not express CD4 or CD8.
Which molecule is responsible for signal transduction after a T cell encounters an antigen?
CD3
List the primary lymphoid tissues.
- Thymus - maturation site of T cells.
- Bursa of Fabricius - maturation site of B cells in birds.
- Bone marrow - maturation site of B cells in primates, rabbits, and rodents.
- Peyer’s patches - maturation site of B cells in ruminants, pigs, and dogs.
List the types of lymphocytes.
- T cells.
- B cells.
- Nk cells.
Which MHC molecule do helper T cells recognize?
MCH2.
The CD4 molecule binds to MHC2.
An animal showing an eosinophilia from blood work might have what kind of condition?
Parasitic infestation.
Identify the leukocyte type.
Lymphocyte.
What is meant by the term “memory cell?”
Long-lived clone of a lymphocyte.
Identify the following blood cell types.
- Erythrocyte
- Basophil
- Eosinophil
True or False: B cells can recognize unprocessed antigens (i.e. not presented by the MHC).
TRUE
Identify the components of this surface immunoglobulin.
- Antigen binding site.
- Light chain.
- Heavy chain.
- Trans-membrane region.
True or false: Of all the WBCs, the bone marrow spends most of its energy making lymphocytes.
FALSE.
Most energy is spent on making neutrophils.
How are new antigen receptors generated by T cells?
DNA rearrangement while maturing in the thymus.
If a newly generated receptor recognizes self antigens, the cells will quickly be destroyed.
Lymphocytes make up what percentage of circulating white blood cells?
30%
Name the leukocytes that are classified as granulocytes.
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are Peyer’s patches?
Part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
What is the half life of an eosinophil in the bood stream?
30 seconds.
Can live for 2 weeks in the tissues.
What is meant by the term “neutropenia?”
A decreased number of neutrophils in the blood stream.
