Lecture. 2 Flashcards
What are the accessory muscles?
Scalenus and sternocleidomadtoid
What are the inspiration muscles or respiration?
External intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Tidal volume
Volume entering/leaving lungs during single breath = 500ml
Inspiration reserve volume
Extra volume of air can be maximally inspired above typical resting tidal volume = 3000ml
Inspiration capacity
Tidal volume + inspiration reserve volume
Exploratory reserve volume
Extra air can be maximally expired by max contraction after resting tidal volume=1000
Residual volume
Minimum air remaining in lungs after max expiration=1200
Functional residual capacity
Residual volume + exploratory reserve volume
2200
Vital capacity
Inspiration reserve volume + tidal + external reserve volume =4500 max volume of air that can be moved out during single breath followed by max inspiration
Total lung capacity
Max volume of air that lungs can hold VC and RV=5700
What causes bronchoconstriction?
Parasympathetic
What causes bronchodilation
Sympathetic
What is peak flow?
Assesses airway function
What is pulmonary compliance?
Measure of effort that goes into stretching of distending the lungs
What is decreased pulmonary compliance influenced by
Oedema, lung collapse, absence of surfactant
What does increased pulmonary complaince influenced by?
Elastic recoil lost
Emphysema
Work of breathing is increased by 3 things:
Pulmonary compliance decreased
Airway resistance increased
Elastic recoil decreased
