Lecture 2/3

Question 1

Grey Matter

Answer 1

Neuronal Cell Bodies
Include: Ganglia in the PNS, External surface of brain (cortex), Nuceli WITHIN brain, and the internal portion of the spinal cord

Question 2

White Matter

Answer 2

Myelinated Axons

Include: Internal portion of the cerebrum and external surface of the spinal cord

Question 3

Cerebral White Matter

Answer 3

3 Categories: Association fibers (Ipsilateral), Projection fibers (to/from thalamus or brainstem), Commissural FIbers (Decussate to contralateral cerebrum)

Question 4

Ganglion

Answer 4

Encapsulated neural structure consisting of neural cell bodies or neurons located outside the CNS. All sensory info passes a ganglion before reaching the CNS
Dorsal Root-> Sensory
Ventral Root (autonomic)-> Motor

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Brain structure consisting of a relatively compact cluster of neurons

Question 6

Basal Nuclei Dysfunction

Answer 6

Involuntary movements at rest (Parkinsons), Dystonia, Difficulty initiating movements, Circling

Question 7

Cerebellar Dysfunction

Answer 7

Dysmetria, Ataxia, Increased muscle tone, Broad based stance, Head (intention) tremor
Does not cause paresis/paralysis or inability to measure & regulate motor function

Question 8

Cerebrum Pathways

Answer 8

Sensory information from body/ periphery goes to thalamus (Except olfaction/CN I). From thalamus, signals then go to specific cortical areas. From there, they go to adjacent association cortex for integration of information (cognition/decision making). Finally, signal travels to basal nuclei for initiation and planning of movement.

Question 9

Cerebral Dysfunction

Answer 9

Disturbances of consciousness, Cognitive dysfunction, Paresis/paralysis of voluntary movement, Disturbances of sensory function, SEIZURES.

Question 10

Cerebral Syndrome

Answer 10

Seizures, altered mental status, changes in behavior, abnormal movement, posture (pacing, compulsive walking, circling, and head pressing towards side of lesion), contralateral postural reaction deficits, visual impairment with normal PLRs,

Question 11

Diagnostic Plan

Answer 11

1. Signalment
2. Presenting Complaint
3. History
4. Physical Exam
5. Neurologic Exam
6. Problem List
7. DAMNIT V
8. Minimum Database
9. Ancillary Diagnostic Tests
10. Client Education
11. Treatment