Lecture 2 & 3

Question 1

primary organs

Answer 1

central organs or central lymphoid tissues. House stem cells that differentiate into progenitor cells, which then differentiate into leukocytes

Question 2

B cells

Answer 2

produce antibodies

Question 3

antibodies

Answer 3

Y shaped proteins that are pathogen specific. Will stick to a specific pathogen, alerting the rest of the immune system that the cell is foreign. Have memory

Question 4

flow of differentiation

Answer 4

stem cells -> progenitor cell (myeloid or lymphoid) -> specific cell types

Question 5

stem cells

Answer 5

can differentiate into any cell type

Question 6

progenitor cells

Answer 6

have gone down a specific functional lineage, however, they are still able to differentiate further into specific cells
ex. myeloid progenitor cells or lymphoid progenitor cells

Question 7

what and how to myeloid progenitor cells differentiate

Answer 7

via myelopoisesis, into eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells

Question 8

what and how to lymphoid progenitor cells differentiate

Answer 8

via lymphopoiesis, into NK cells, B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells

Question 9

lymphocytes (B and T cells)

Answer 9

produced from progenitor cells in the bone barrow as immature lymphocytes.

Question 10

stromal cells

Answer 10

indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and meylopoiesis by releasing environment signals that stimulate the differentiation of stem cells and progenitor cells

Question 11

cytokines

Answer 11

signaling molecules

Question 12

thymus involution

Answer 12

is a process that begins once an animal reaches sexual maturity, and is the continuous shrinking of the thymus.

Question 13

antigens

Answer 13

cell surface markers that are recognized by the immune system as foreign or bad. what B and T cells recognize to initiate an immune response

Question 14

secondary organs

Answer 14

responsible for continued maturation of immune cells as well as their activation.
ex. bone marrow, Peter’s patches, and the bursa of Fabricius

Question 15

lymph

Answer 15

colorless fluid found throughout the body (also called extracellular fluid)

Question 16

high endothelial venules

Answer 16

blood vessels that are adapted for lymphocyte trafficking

Question 17

MALT

Answer 17

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

Question 18

GALT

Answer 18

gut-associated lymphoid tissues

Question 19

BALT

Answer 19

Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue

Question 20

NALT

Answer 20

nasal associated lymphoid tissue

Question 21

macrophage

Answer 21

phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms. Antigen presentation

Question 22

dendritic cell

Answer 22

antigen uptake in peripheral sites. Antigen presenting

Question 23

neutrophil

Answer 23

phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms

Question 24

eosinophil

Answer 24

killing of antibody-coated parasites

Question 25

basophil

Answer 25

promotion of allergic responses and augmentation of anti-parasitic immunity

Question 26

mast cell

Answer 26

release of granules containing histamine and active agents

Question 27

Lactoferrin

Answer 27

neutrophils and epithelial cells, iron binding; amphipathic with affinity toward bacterial and fungal lipids

Question 28

Lysozyme

Answer 28

neutrophils and macrophages, cleaves bond between N-acetylgucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid; gram negatives exclude this molecule from membrane

Question 29

Cathelicidins

Answer 29

neutrophils, family of membrane-binding proteins that disrupt the bacterial and fungal membrane

Question 30

Defensins

Answer 30

neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells. Cationic, basic, pore-forming proteins that bind to bacterial and fungal membranes. electrostatically attracted to microbial membranes and disrupt the structure and organization